基于遥感影像记录的新疆玛纳斯河下游冲积平原河道演变过程研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.03.0227

地球科学进展 ›› 2007, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 227 -233. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.03.0227

崔卫国 ^1,2，穆桂金 ²，王核 ¹，马妮娜 ³

1.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所GIS实验室,广东广州 510640;2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;3.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京 100029

收稿日期:2006-05-29 修回日期:2007-01-10 出版日期:2007-03-10
通讯作者: 崔卫国（1973-），男，甘肃定西人，在读博士，主要从事遥感和地理信息系统应用研究.E-mail: wgcui@163.com E-mail:wgcui@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“绿洲形成及演变过程研究”（编号：G1999043502）；中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所领域前沿项目“典型流域2000年来绿洲演变阶段及其环境特征研究”（编号：20019002）资助.

Evolution of the Lower Reaches of the Manas River Based on Information from Remote Sensing Images

CUI Wei-guo ^1,2, MU Gui-jin ², WANG He ¹,MA Ni-na ³

1.GIS Laboratory Guangzhou Geochemistry Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2.Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011，China;3. Institute of Geology and Geophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2006-05-29 Revised:2007-01-10 Online:2007-03-10 Published:2007-03-10

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干旱区河流变迁与绿洲演变和沙漠进退密切相关，是近年来干旱区环境变化研究的焦点之一。玛纳斯河贯穿山地—绿洲—荒漠系统，是新疆准噶尔盆地环境演变的典型区域。文章利用遥感影像，结合实地测量的地貌与沉积记录、室内沉积分析和测年等资料，研究了玛纳斯河下游冲积平原河道演变过程，即近4 000多年来玛斯河在下游冲积平原发生了3次可识别的迁移事件及方向，河道变迁在空间上总体表现为一个自西南向东北迁移的过程。在此基础上，进一步讨论了玛纳斯河下游冲积平原河道的变迁原因及发展趋势，指出区域构造活动是影响玛纳斯河下游河道近4 000年来定向迁移的主要原因，并预测在没有异常气候波动和构造活动的影响下，今后一段时间内玛纳斯河不会发生大规模的迁移。

关键词: 遥感信息, 地貌与沉积, 河道演变, 玛纳斯河

River change is closely related to oasis and desert evolvement, and therefore has been one of the focuses in the study of environmental change in arid regions in recent years. The Manas river runs through mountain, oasis and desert systems and is the largest river in the Junggar basin. Previously, many studies about the Manas river focused on changes in the runoff, but the evolution of its watercourse was neglected. This paper investigates the evolution of the lower reaches of the Manas river using interpretation of remote sensing images, field measurements and deposition analyses. The results showed that three migratory occurrences and directions could be identified in the lower reaches of the Manas river during the past 4 000 years. The lower reaches of the Manas river ran along the watercourse R1 4 000 years ago, migrated 6 km south to Xinzhuangzi and ran along watercourse R2 4 000-1 500 years ago, then changed its route again near Taipingqu and created the watercourse R3 1 500-500 years ago. The last migration of the Manas river occurred in the 16th century when the Manas river left its western watercourse and moved towards the north, near the Jiahezi reservoir, and flowed along the south side of the desert creating the watercourse R4 which is the current watercourse. As a whole, the spatial evolution of the lower reaches of the Manas river has experienced a migration from south-west to north-east. With this knowledge, this paper concludes that geology and tectonic movement are the main factors which have affected watercourse evolution, but the roles of climate and riverside's composition are not neglected. Finally, this paper forecasts that the Manas river will not move on a large scale in the future without preternatural tectonic movement and climate change.

Key words: Remote sensing information, Landform and sediment, Watercourse evolution, Manas river.

中图分类号:

TP79

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