土壤次生碳酸盐碳氧稳定同位素古环境意义及应用

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.04.0619

土壤次生碳酸盐碳氧稳定同位素特征是反映古气候与古环境的重要代用指标，其碳氧稳定同位素组成分别受土壤CO₂中C同位素组成和大气水的O同位素控制。在一定深度的土壤中，土壤次生碳酸盐δ¹³C就主要受当地植物类型（C₃植物和C₄植物等）控制。土壤次生碳酸盐样预处理中剔除土壤中原生碳酸盐以及有机物污染尤为重要。土壤中次生碳酸盐 C、O稳定同位素地球化学在土壤发生学、古气候恢复、古生态重建以及全球变化研究中应用日益广泛，但解译时可能受应用年代范围、成岩作用、原生和次生碳酸盐混杂、土壤碳酸盐多元发生等因素影响，其应用机理和范围还需进一步探讨。

关键词: 土壤次生碳酸盐, 碳氧稳定同位素, 古气候学, 古生态学

    Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of pedogenic carbonates in soils provide a useful proxy indicator for inferring paleoclimatology and paleoclimate, and the composition of stable oxygen and carbon isotopes depend on the composition of oxygen isotope in meteoric water and the carbon isotopic composition in soil CO₂ respectively. The soil CO₂is controlled by the mineralization of organic matters, the respiration of plant roots as well as atmosphere CO₂. So in soils at certain depth, the δ¹³C value in pedogenic carbonates is determined by the local assemblage (e.g. C₃ plant and C₄ plant, etc.). The pre-treatments to remove inherited carbonates and organic matters from pedogenic carbonates are particularly important. The geochemistry of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of pedogenic carbonates has applied extensively in studies of discrimination of inherited carbonates from secondary carbonates, the reconstruction of paleo-hydrological features, paleoclimatology and paleoecology as well as global change.
    However, a few problems limit the application of the carbon and oxygen isotopic interpretation, e.g. the credibility of interpretation carbon and oxygen isotopic features relying on the date of pedogenic carbonates, the effect diagenesis on oxygen isotopic composition of buried paleosols, separating pedogenic carbonates from inherited carbonates for the comprehensive coalition and polygenesis of carbonates, etc.
    Nevertheless, for the boundary of C₃/C₄ plant ecotone can be inferred and the paleo-hydrological features and formation of paleosols may be guessed by use of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of pedogenic carbonates other than analysis of pollen in lacustrine and marsh sediments, therefore, interpreting paleo-environmental and paleoecological information will be applied intensively and extensively utilizing stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of pedogenic carbonates with the development of relevant branches of sciences.

Key words: Pedogenic carbonate, Stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology.

中图分类号:

P597
S151

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摘要

IMPLICATION AND APPLICATION OF STABLE CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOPES OF PEDOGENIC CARBONATES IN SOILS