40~30 ka BP期间高湖面稳定存在时青藏高原西南部封闭流域的古降水量研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2001.03.0346

地球科学进展 ›› 2001, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 346 -351. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2001.03.0346

所属专题：青藏高原研究——青藏科考虚拟专刊；

40~30 ka BP期间高湖面稳定存在时青藏高原西南部封闭流域的古降水量研究

贾玉连,施雅风,曹建廷,范云崎

中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京 210008

收稿日期:2000-06-30 修回日期:2000-10-11 出版日期:2001-06-01
通讯作者: 贾玉连(1971-),男,山西太原人,在读博士生,主要从事自然地理研究. E-mail:yljia@niglas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“青藏高原形成演化及其环境、资源效应”(编号:G1998040800);国家自然科学基金项目“20ka以来同位素气候模型的创建与应用”(编号:49803001)联合资助.

THE PRECIPITATION OF THE INTERIOR LAKES IN THE SOUTHWESTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU AT 40~30 ka BP

JIA Yu-lian,SHI Ya-feng, CAO Jian-ting, FAN Yun-qi

Nanjng Institute of Geography and Limnology,CAS,Nanjing210008,China

Received:2000-06-30 Revised:2000-10-11 Online:2001-06-01 Published:2001-06-01

依据封闭流域全流域水量平衡模式,模拟了青藏高原西南部3个封闭流域在40~30 ka BP期间,高湖面稳定存在时期的古水量平衡,重建了各流域的古降水量。结果表明色林错-纳木错流域、扎布耶-拉果错流域、扎仓茶卡-别苦则错流域当时的降水量分别约为585±25 mm、565±25mm、475±25 mm,相当于现在降水量的1.7、3.1、4.8倍。

关键词: 高湖面稳定存在时期, 40~30 ka BP, 多次逼近法, 流域古降水量, 湖泊补给系数

Geomorphic evidence from several closed lake basins in Tibetan Plateau indicates that the plateau experienced high lake levels during some episode of the period of 40~30 ka BP, and lakes covered an area of about several or tens times as large as at present. Using the equation of hydrologic and energy balance and the multiapproach method to estimate climate parameters such as albedo, cloudiness and vapor press, to calculate the evaporation, simulating the combined hydrologic and energy balance of Zhacang Caka, Seling Namu Cuo, Zhabuye Caka paleolakes with the water balance model of the whole closed basin, respectively, yield the estimates of 475±25 mm/a, 585±25 mm/a, 565±25 mm/a of annual precipitation during 40~30 ka BP at high lake levels period, the estimates of annual evaporation from lake surfaces 1 126 mm/a, 1 044 mm/a and 1 071 mm/a, and from land basins 384 mm/a, 423 mm/a, 422 mm/a, respectively. The amount of increased precipitation at that time must have been about 300 mm/a(71 to 380%) above the modern average. The pattern of precipitation, like the present, is larger in the east part than in the west part of the Tibetan Plateau, which shows the precipitation was triggered by Indian monsoon like the present, but Indian monsoon was far stronger than today.

Key words: Tibetan Plateau, Paleolake shore lines, Large precipitation, Multiapproach method, Supply coefficient of interior lakes.

中图分类号:

[1] Shi Yafeng, Li Jijun, Li Bingyuan,eds. Uplift and Environmental Changes of Tibetan Plateau in the Late Cenozoic[M].Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press,1998.339-345,322-331.[施雅风,李吉均,李炳元主编.青藏高原晚新生代的隆升与环境变化[M].广州:广东科技出版社, 1998. 339-345, 322-331.]
[2] Shan Fashou, Du Naiqiu, Kong Zhaochen. Vegetational and environmental changes in the last 350 ka in Erlangjian, Qinghai Lake[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 1993,5(3):9-17.[山发寿,杜乃秋,孔昭宸.青海湖盆地35万年来植被演化与环境变迁[J].湖泊科学, 1993, 5(1): 9-17.]
[3] Xiao Jiayi,Wu Yushu, Zheng Mianping. A preliminary study of late Quaternary flora in Chabyer Caka saline lake, Tibet[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 1996,13:395-400.[肖家仪,吴玉书,郑绵平.西藏扎布耶地区晚第四纪孢粉的初步研究[J].微体古生物学报, 1996, 13: 395-400.]
[4] Zheng Mianping, Liu Junying, Qi Wen.Paleoclimatic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 40 ka BP—Evidences from saline lake deposits[A].In:Zheng Mianping, ed. Saline Lake Resoure, Environment and Global Changes[C].Beijing:Geology Press,1999,6-27.[郑绵平,刘俊英,齐文.从盐湖沉积探讨40 ka BP以来青藏高原古气候演替[A].见:郑锦平主编.盐湖资源环境与全球变化[C].北京:地质出版社, 1999.6-27.]
[5] Shi Yafeng, Liu Xiaodong,Li Bingyuan,et al. A very strong summer monsoon event during 30-40 ka BP in Tibet Plateau and its relation to processional cycle[J]. Science Bulletin,1999,44(7):1 524-1 530.[施雅风,刘晓东,李炳元,等.30-40ka BP青藏高原特强夏季风事件及其与岁差周期关系[J].科学通报, 1999, 44(17): 1 524-1 530.]
[6] Zheng Mianping, Xiang Jun, eds. Saline Lakes on Tibet on Plateau[M].Beijing:Beijing Science and Technology Press,1989.1-353.[郑绵平,向军,主编.青藏高原盐湖[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社, 1989. 1-353.]
[7] Chinese Weather Bureau. Climate and Resource Atlas of China[M]. Beijing: Atlas Press, 1994.1-238.[中国气象局.中国气候资源地图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社, 1994. 1-238.]
[8] GuanZhihua,Chen Chuanyou, Qu Yuxiong,et al, eds. Rivers and Lakes in Tibet [M]. Beijing: Science and Technology Press, 1984,35-54.[关志华,陈传友,区裕雄,等主编.西藏河流与湖泊[M].北京:科学出版社, 1984.35-54.]
[9] Chen Zhiming.Approaches to the changes of ecological environment of lakes in Tibet based on the upheaval of Plateau[J].Oceanologia et Kimnologia Sinica,1981,12(5):402-411.[陈志明.从青藏高原隆起探讨西藏湖泊生态环境的变迁[J].海洋与湖沼, 1981, 12(5): 402-411.]
[10] Institute of Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ed.Atlas of Tibetan Plateau[M].Beijing: Science Press, 1990.90-91.[中国科学院地理研究所主编.青藏高原地图集[M].北京:科学出版社, 1990. 90-91.]
[11] Kutzbach J E. Estimates of past climate at paleolake Chad, North Africa, based on a hydrological and energy-balance model[J]. Quaternary Research, 1980, 14: 210-223.
[12] Swain A M, Kutzbach J E, Hastenrath S. Estimates of Holocene precipitation for Rajasthan, India, based on pollen and lake-level data[J]. Quaternary Research, 1983, 19: 1-17.
[13] Hastenrath S, Kutzbach J E. Paleoclimatic estimates from water and energy budgets of east African lakes[J]. Quaternary Research, 1983, 19: 141-153.
[14] Hastenrath S, Kutzbach J E. Late pleistocene climate and water budget of the south American Altiplano[J]. Quaternary Research, 1985, 24: 249-256.
[15] Jia Yulian, Shi Yafeng,Fan Yunqi.Water balance of Paleolake Qinghai and its precipitation estimation at three high lake-level stages since 40 ka BP[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2000,12(3):211-218.[贾玉连,施雅风,范云崎.四万年以来青海湖的三期高湖面及其水量研究[J].湖泊科学,2000, 12(3): 211-218.]
[16] Jia Yulian, Shi Yafeng,Fan Yunqi.Ensuring the parameters of the hydrological and energy-balance model and its use-a case study of Qinghai Lake at Holocene Megatherma[J].Advance in Water Science,2000,12(1):56-62.[贾玉连,施雅风,范云崎.水能联合方程恢复流域古降水量时参数的确定方法及其应用[J].水科学进展, 2000, 11(4): 356-362.]
[17] Berger A. Long-term variations of caloric insolation resulting from the Earth,s orbital elements[J]. Quaternary Research,1978, 9: 139-167.
[18] Li Jijun,Zheng Benxing,Yang Xijen,et al. eds. Glaciers of Tibet[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1986.67-98.[李吉均,郑本兴,杨锡金,等主编.西藏冰川[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.67-98.]
[19] Bergonzini L, Chalie F, Gasse F. Paleoevaporation and paleoprecipitation in the Tanganyika Basin at 18,000 years B.P.inferred from hydrologic and vegetation proxies[J]. Quaternary Research, 1997, 47: 295-305.
[20] Griffiths J F. World Survey of Climatology 10, Climates of Africa[M]. Elsevier Publishing Company, 1972.
[21] Sellers W D. Physical Climatology[M]. Chicago: Univ of Chicago Press,1965.
[22] Priestley C H B, Taylor R J. On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large-scale parameters[J].Monthly Weather Review, 1972, 100:81-92.
[23] Fan Yunqi.The supply coefficient of interior lakes in Tibet[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1983,14(2):118-127.[范云崎.西藏内陆湖泊补给系数的初步探讨[J].海洋与湖沼, 1983, 14(2): 118-127.]
[24] Shi Chengxi.Evaporation on water surface[A].In: Encyclopedia of China: Meteorology, Oceanology, Hydrology[C].Beijing:China Encyclopedia Press, 1987.700-701.[施成熙.水面蒸发[A].见:中国大百科全书:大气科学、海洋科学、水文科学[C].北京:中国大百科全书出版社, 1987.700-701.]

[1]	刘睿文,吴殿廷,吴巧新. 中国近现代地理学发展脉络研究——基于《地理学报》学术论文的统计分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(9): 938-947.
[2]	王文，谢志仁. 从史料记载看中国历史时期海面波动[J]. 地球科学进展, 2001, 16(2): 272-278.
[3]	葛全胜,郑景云,张丕远. 陆地系统科学: 地理学的升华[J]. 地球科学进展, 1999, 14(4): 324-329.

阅读次数

全文

摘要