地球科学进展 ›› 1997, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (6): 519 -527. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1997.06.0519

综述与评论 上一篇    下一篇

地面GPS探测大气的最新进展
王小亚 1,朱文耀 1,严豪健 1,丁金才 2   
  1. 1.中国科学院上海天文台 上海 200030;2.上海气象局 上海 200030
  • 收稿日期:1997-01-08 修回日期:1997-04-01 出版日期:1997-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 王小亚,女,1969年10月生,现为在读研究生,主要从事GPS研究。

THE LATEST ADVANCE IN MONITORING ATMOSPHERE BY GROUND-BASED GPS

WANG Xiaoya 1,ZHU Wenyao 1,YAN Haojian 1,DING Jincai 2   

  1. 1.Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030;
    2.Shanghai Meteorological Bureau,Shanghai 200030
  • Received:1997-01-08 Revised:1997-04-01 Online:1997-12-01 Published:1997-12-01

综述了利用地面GPS站探测大气的技术,包括基本原理、方法、应用、最新进展和结果的介绍以及存在于该技术中的误差源的讨论。从地面GPS站的观测和表面气象参数可得出天顶湿延迟(ZWD)的估计,再由它和可降水汽量(PWV)之间的转换关系就可得出PWV估计。这种方法求得的PWV时间序列不仅能提高天气预报的准确度而且有助于气候变化的研究和数值天气预报模型的改进,这就是新兴学科GPS气象学形成的基础。最后简述了日本GPS气象学的发展和未来的计划。 

This paper provides an overview of applications of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to the active measurement of the Earth’s atmosphere. Microwave radio signals transmitted by GPS satellites are delayed by the atmosphere as they propagate to ground based GPS receivers. The zenith wet delay caused by water vapor can be transformed into an estimation of the precipitable water vapor. This transformation is achieved by multiplying the zenith wet delay by a factor whose magnitude is a function of certain constants related to the refractivity of moist air and of the weighted mean temperature of the atmosphere. Some experiments done by atmospheric scientists have showed that the GPS determined PWV by ground based GPS observation can not only significantly improve weather forecasting accuracies and numerical weather prediction models, but also contribute to the study of climate change because it represents the total latent heat available in the column from the vapor. Increased spatial and temporal resolution of PWV was proved useful in monitoring the moisture flux convergence along a dryline and the decrease in integrate water vapor associated with the passage of a midtropospheric cold front,both of which triggered severe weather over the area during the course of the experiment. So a new subject,GPS meteorology, comes into being. With the rapid growth in regional or global networks of permernant operating ground based GPS receivers, an opportunity exists to observe the distribution of water vapor with increased spatial and temporal coverage, which could prove valuable in a range of operational and research applications in the regional or global climate and short range numerical weather prediction. In this paper, we introduce the theory and the precious tests of monitoring atmosphere by ground based GPS in detail. Moreover, we present the latest development and results in this domain, such as “CLAM” and so on. We also present the situation of the development and future schemes of GPS Meteorology in Japan. With increasing of the size and scope of permanent arrays of continuously operating GPS receivers, GPS based system will soon rival the current worldwide network of approximately 600 Radiosonde launch sites. Finally, authors suggest GPS Meteorology in China need to be desired in the future.

中图分类号: 

1 Rocken C, Solheim F S, Ware R H,et al. Application of IGS data to GPS sensing of the atmosphere for weather and climate research. In: Gendt G,et al eds. IGS Special Topics And New Directions. Potsdam,Germany,1995. 93-103.
2 Businger S, Chiswell S R, Bevis M,et al. The promise of GPS in atmospheric monitoring. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1996, 77: 5-18.
3 Askne J, Nordius H. Estimation of tropospheric delay for microwaves from surface weather data. Radio Sci ,1987,22: 379-386.
4 Ichikawa R, Hatanaka Y, Mannoji N,et al. GPS Meteorology in Japan. Technical Workshop APT &APSG 1996(TWAA96),Japan,December,1996.
5 Boucher C, Altamimi Z , Feissel M,et al. Result and analysis of the ITRF94 . IERS Technical Note 20,Observatoire de Paris,Paris, March,1996.
6 Kowba J, Mireault Y. IGS analysis coordinator report . In: Zumberge J F,et al eds. International GPS Service for Geodynamics 1995 Annual Report. IGS Central Bureau,Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1996. 45-76.
7 Davis J L, Herring T A ,Shapiro I I, et al. Geodesy by radio interferometry: effects of atmospheric modeling errors on estimates of baseline length. Radio Sci , 1985,20(6):1593-1607.
8 Yan HJ, Ping J S. The generator function method of the tropospheric refraction corrections. A J,1995,110(2): 934-939.
9 Bevis M, Businger S , Chiswell S,et al. GPS Meteorology : mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water. Journal of Applied Meteorology,1994 , 33 :379-386.
10 Bevis M ,Businger S ,Herring T A, et al. GPS Meteorology: remote sensing of atmospheric water vapour using the Global Positioning System. J G R ,1992,97: 15787-15801.
11 Dodson A H ,Shardlow P J,Hubbard L C M,et al. Wet tropospheric effects on precise relative GPS height determination. Journal of Geodesy, 1996,70:188-202.
12 Dixon T H, Wolf S K. Some tests of wet tropospheric calibration for the CASA WRO Global Positioning System experiment. Geophys Res Letters ,1990,17:203-206.
13 Rocken C,Ware R H,Van-Hove T,et al. Sensing atmospheric water vapor with the Global Positioning System. Geophys Res Letters ,1993, 20(23):2631-2634.
14 Bar-Sever Y E . Strategies for near real time estimation of precipitable water vapor. In: Neilan R E,et al eds. IGS 1996 Analysis Center Workshop. IGS Central Bureau, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,1996.165-176.
15 Yuan L I ,Anthes R A ,Ware R H,et al. Sensing climate change using the Global Positioning System . J G R,1993,98: 14925-14937.
16 Rochen C,Van-Hove T,Johnson J,et al. GPS/STORM——GPS sensing of atmospheric water vapor for meteorology. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1994, 12:468-478.
17 Fang P, Bock Y. Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center 1995 report to IGS. In: Zumberge J F,et al eds. International GPS Service for Geodynamics 1995 Annual Report. IGS Central Bureau, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,1996.103-124.
18 Duan J, Bevis M,Fang P,et al. GPS Meteorology: direct estimation of the absolute value of precipitable water. J Appl Meteor ,1996, 35(6): 830-838.

No related articles found!
阅读次数
全文


摘要