1736—1911年华北饥荒的时空分布及其与气候、灾害、收成的关系

萧凌波

Spatio-temporal Distribution of Famine and Its Relationship with Climate, Disaster, Harvest in North China During 1736-1911

Lingbo Xiao

图1 1736—1911年华北的气候变化、水旱灾害、粮食收成与饥荒指数序列 (a) 华北冬半年冬温距平（分辨率5年）[25]；(b) 黄河中下游地区逐年降水量[17]；(c) 华北逐年水灾指数；(d) 华北逐年旱灾指数；(e) 华北逐年秋粮歉收指数[18]；(f) 华北逐年饥荒指数；①~④阴影指示典型年份或极端事件

Fig.1 Annual famine index and its relationship with climate change, flood/drought, harvest in North China from 1736 to 1911 (a) 5-year temperature anomaly of winter half year in North China[25]; (b) Annual precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River [17]; (c) Annual flood index in North China; (d) Annual drought index in North China; (e) Annual poor autumn harvest index in North China[18]; (f) Annual famine index in North China;The shadow ①~④ correspond with typical years or extreme events