层次分析法在致密油有利区优选中的应用——以川中侏罗系大安寨段为例

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汪少勇, 李建忠, 郭秋麟, 李登华. 层次分析法在致密油有利区优选中的应用——以川中侏罗系大安寨段为例. 2015, 30(6): 715-723
Wang Shaoyong, Li Jianzhong, Guo Qiulin, Li Denghua. Application of AHP Method to Favorable Area Optimization for Tight Oil：A Case Study in Daanzhai Formation, Jurassic, Central of the Sichuan Basin. Advances in Earth Science, 2015, 30(6): 715-723 复制到剪切板

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层次分析法在致密油有利区优选中的应用——以川中侏罗系大安寨段为例

汪少勇, 李建忠, 郭秋麟, 李登华

中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083

汪少勇（1988-）,男,湖北天门人,博士研究生,主要从事油气资源评价研究. E-mail: wsy19880129@163.com

基金:国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”（编号：2011ZX05028）; 中国石油天然气集团公司重大专项“油气资源评价——中国石油第四次油气资源评价”（编号：2013E-0502）资助

摘要

层次分析法常用于解决复杂系统分析与决策中目标优选、排序等问题,也适用于油气勘探领域。在前人致密油地质特征研究的基础上,总结了致密油有利区优选指标。使用层次分析法优选有利区的核心内容是建立层次结构模型和构建2类矩阵。以四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段为例,介绍了使用层次分析法优选有利区5个主要步骤：①根据研究区地质特征,确定目标及方案,构建目标层和方案层;②根据影响致密油富集的要素,确定准则层;③构建准则层中各要素的成对比较矩阵,确定各准则要素的相对权重;④构建各准则要素对不同方案的判断矩阵,确定不同方案中各准则要素的权重;⑤将不同方案各准则要素的权重矩阵与准则要素的相对权重矩阵相乘,得到各方案的层次排序,进而选出最佳方案。优选的川中侏罗系大安寨段致密油最有利勘探区为金华—莲池区。操作简单、不需考虑下限值、适用范围广是层次分析法优选有利区的优点,但由于层次分析中的标度根据人为经验赋值,不同评价人员给出的评价结果有所不同。将层次分析法与GIS、特尔菲法、模糊数学法相结合,可以提高准则要素的优选合理性及赋值准确性。

关键词: 层次分析法; 致密油; 有利区优选; 大安寨段

中图分类号:P618.13 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8166(2015)06-0715-09

Application of AHP Method to Favorable Area Optimization for Tight Oil：A Case Study in Daanzhai Formation, Jurassic, Central of the Sichuan Basin

Wang Shaoyong, Li Jianzhong, Guo Qiulin, Li Denghua

PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China

Abstract

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a decision-making method which permits the relative assessment and prioritization of alternatives under complex contexts. This method is also applied to petroleum exploration. Based on the previous geological characteristics study,we outlined the favorable area optimization criteria of tight oil. The hierarchical model and two matrices are key contents of favorable area optimization in AHP. A case study in Daanzhai Formation,Jurassic,central Sichuan Basin was presented to show the five main steps of AHP optimization. First of all, a goal and alternatives should be determined according to the geological characteristics of the studied area. The second step is to select the favorable area optimization criteria of tight oil. According to qualitative judgment of relative importance of these criteria,then a pairwise comparison matrix can be constructed. The last but one step is to construct judgment matrices of each alternative to determine the weight of each alternative in different criteria. Finally,the multiplication of eigenvectors of the pairwise comparison matrix and judgment matrices will show the rank of each alternatives. In the Daanzhai tight oil case,the favorable exploration target is Jinhua-Lianchi Block. The advantages of AHP optimization are simple operation steps,unrestricted limit values and wide application range. However,the appraisal result varies by evaluator for the 9point scale is typical subjective or linguistic equivalents. AHP can be combined with GIS,Delphi process or fuzzy method to increase the rationality of optimization and the accuracy of scale calibration.

Keyword: AHP; Tight oil; Favorable area optimization; Daanzhai Formation.

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1 引言

层次分析法（The Analytical Hierarchy Process, AHP）是20世纪70年代由美国运筹学家T• L• Saaty提出的一种定性与定量分析相结合的多目标决策分析方法, 用以解决各类复杂系统分析与决策中目标优选、排序等问题。许多学者^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}已将层次分析法引入油气勘探领域, 广泛应用于成藏系统评价、成藏主控因素分析、含油圈闭排序、圈闭风险评价等方面。有利区优选是油气勘探的目的所在, 主要通过成藏要素及成藏过程的耦合, 指出可能的含油气远景区。近年来成为研究热点的致密油资源, 其“ 连续” 分布性与常规油藏“ 局部聚集” 特征不同, 有利区优选时需考虑的地质要素也有差异。常规油藏有利区优选以圈闭为核心, 关注圈闭中是否有油气聚集成藏; 致密油的有利区优选则以储层为核心, 关注储层中能否产出具有工业价值的油流, 即寻找“ 甜点” 。本研究在前人^{[6, 7, 8, 9, 10]}致密油地质特征研究基础上, 结合层次分析法, 以四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段为例, 对致密油有利区优选流程进行介绍, 并优选川中地区大安寨段致密油有利区。使用层次分析法进行优选的原理、求解公式已在许多文献中^{[11, 12, 13]}作了详细介绍, 本文将该方法融入致密油有利区优选流程, 使用Wolfram Mathematica 9软件计算成对比较矩阵和判断矩阵的最大特征值和相应特征向量, 为快速优选其它盆地致密油有利区提供借鉴。

2 致密油地质特征及有利区优选指标

致密油、页岩气等非常规油气资源又称“ 连续型油气聚集” , 该类型资源的一大特点是：优质成熟烃源岩分布范围内, 油气在大范围展布的非常规储层中连续或准连续聚集, 没有明显的圈闭界限^{[14, 15, 16, 17]}。致密油的连续聚集特征与特低资源丰度性与常规资源显著不同, 致密储层的连续性由沉积相的连续性控制, 沉积储层在平面上过渡、纵向上叠置。储层的低孔、低渗性决定了储层中的流体以非达西渗流为主, 同时也限制了浮力对油气运聚的作用, 且源储紧密接触, 油气多初次运移或短距离二次运移, 使致密油呈弥散状分布, 无明显圈闭界限。由于储层近源充注、非达西渗流的特征, 也使致密油的含油饱和度通常较高, 一般在60%以上。

由致密油的地质特征可知, 坳陷、断陷等负向构造单元的生烃中心及其斜坡部位为致密油的有利勘探区, 这些地区通常分布范围大, 从几百到几万平方公里不等。优质成熟烃源岩的展布范围控制了致密油分布。优质是指烃源岩有机碳含量（Total Organic Carbon, TOC）普遍在2%以上并具有一定的连续厚度^[18]。烃源岩厚度大小不固定, 但太厚与太薄都不利于致密油富集。烃源岩连续厚度过大, 容易造成排烃不畅, 形成的石油多滞留; 烃源岩厚度过小, 难以生成足量的烃类以提供规模的致密油聚集。从北美Bakken致密油实例看, 烃源岩厚度过小可以在一定程度上通过较大的TOC来补充, 厚度与TOC大小二者共同决定烃源岩的优质性。成熟是指烃源岩必须达到生油窗范围, 致密油富集区烃源岩的镜质体反射率（Ro）多在0.6~1.3之间。

优质成熟烃源岩展布范围内的储层是致密油有利区优选中需关注的重点。致密储层低的孔隙度（通常小于12%）限制了单位体积岩石中石油的聚集量, 低的渗透率（地面渗透率通常小于2× 10^-3µ m²）又阻碍了储层中流体的流动, 所以致密油井的产量一般不高, 国外采用钻水平井, 水力压裂的方式增加储层的泄油面积, 以提高单井产能。裂缝能极大改善储层的物性, 储层中孔隙度相对较高、天然裂缝发育的地区为地质“ 甜点” 区。裂缝也可以通过水力压裂的方式人为制造, 储层中脆性矿物含量高、地应力与各向异性好, 利于钻井压裂改造的地区称为工程“ 甜点” 区^[18]。

烃源岩与储层是2个相互独立的因素, 控制“ 甜点” 分布的要素如储层的矿物组成、地应力与各向异性又与储层物性无直接联系, 反映储层产油能力的参数— — 单井EUR（Estimated Ultimate Recovery, 即单井在目前技术条件下从其控制的储层泄油面积内所能采出的总油气资源量）除与储层物性、“ 甜点” 要素等地质因素相关外, 还与当前的完井成功率、生产井类型、开发方案等密切相关, 是一个综合了地下储层产油能力信息与油气开采技术信息的参数。

有利的保存条件是油气成藏或聚集的保证, 构造活动不强烈、断裂不发育的地区有利于致密油聚集。综上所述, 致密油有利区优选指标包括：①有利构造位置; ②优质成熟烃源岩发育; ③储层中“ 甜点” 要素存在, 如物性相对较好、微裂缝发育、含油性较高、脆性矿物发育等; ④单井EUR处于经济界限以上; ⑤保存条件良好。

3 层次分析法优选有利区

3.1 层次分析法原理

层次分析法应用简单的数学工具结合运筹思想将复杂的问题分解为各个组成因素, 并按支配关系分组形成层次结构, 通过综合各因素之间的相互影响关系及其在系统中的作用, 来确定各因素的相对重要性^[11~13]。这种方法能将决策者的经验判断予以量化, 通过两两比较判断的方式确定每个层次中因素的相对重要性, 然后在递阶层次结构内进行合成, 得到决策因素对于目标重要性的总排序。

层次分析法优选有利区的核心内容是建立层次结构模型和构建两类矩阵。建立层次结构模型首先要把问题层次化, 根据问题要达到的总目标（目标层）, 将问题分解为不同的组成因素（准则层）, 然后按照因素间的相互关联影响, 将各因素按不同层次（方案层）组合。层次结构模型建立后, 系统分析就可归结为不同因素及不同方案相对优劣次序的排序问题。在排序计算中, 每一层次的排序又可简化为一系列成对因素的判断比较, 并根据一定的标度将判断定量化, 形成比较判断矩阵。其中一类比较判断矩阵为成对比较矩阵, 通过各准则的两两相对比较, 确定不同准则的权重次序。另一类为判断矩阵, 其矩阵个数与准则个数一致, 判断各准则下, 不同方案的权重次序。最后, 通过计算比较判断矩阵的最大特征根和对应的特征向量, 即可计算出层次的总排序。

3.2 有利区优选的步骤— — 以川中侏罗系大安寨段为例

四川盆地中部侏罗系构造上为一平缓斜坡, 自流井组大安寨段目前已有多个开发成熟的油区（图1）。大安寨段是四川原油的主力产层, 地层厚度10~120 m, 为介壳灰岩与黑色页岩互层, 黑色页岩生成的石油近源聚集在介壳灰岩储层中^[19~23]。介壳灰岩储层以特低孔（孔隙度多小于1%）、特低渗（渗透率多在0.1× 10^-3µ m²以下）为特征, 同时也具有在介壳灰岩储层发育范围内大面积含油, “ 井井见油, 井井不流” 的独特勘探开发现状^{[19, 20]}, 储层厚度10~30 m, 呈环带状分布。黑色页岩在川中全区分布, 厚度在10~40 m之间（图2）, 有机碳含量（TOC）0.5%~2.3%, 平均约1%, Ro介于0.8%~1.2%, 处于生油高峰期^[23]。

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	图1 川中地区侏罗系大安寨段构造特征及评价分区图Fig.1 Tectonic characteristics and evaluation blocks of Daanzhai Formation, Jurassic, central of the Sichuan Basin

大安寨段油井的产量曲线表现为初始生产即递减, 而后较稳定低产的特征, 稳定期的单井产量多在1~10 t/d之间^[23]。根据油田生产实际, 可以将大安寨段油井分为低小产井（单井累产小于5 000 t）、中产层（单井累产5 000~10 000 t）和高产井（单井累产大于10 000 t）三大类, 这三大类油井在平面上无明显分布规律, 高产井与低产井交叉, 单井累计产量与构造、储层厚度、源岩厚度等单因素的相关性都不明显, 受多个因素综合控制（图2）。研究证实^[20~25], 大安寨段油井产量受裂缝发育程度控制强, 高产井主要分布在裂缝系统发育地区。

使用层次分析法优选川中地区大安寨段致密油有利区的步骤。可以分为5步：

（1）根据研究区地质特征, 确定目标及方案, 构建目标层和方案层。致密油有利区优选即为目标, 与目标对应的是各备选方案。根据川中侏罗系大安寨段的构造特征及油气成藏特征, 结合已有的含油区块分布, 将川中油区划分为5个评价区, 对应于5个备选方案或优选目标, 分别是：公山庙— 八角场（Ⅰ ）; 金华— 莲池（Ⅱ ）; 龙女寺— 磨溪（Ⅲ ）; 鲜渡河— 广安— 官渡（Ⅳ ）和仪陇— 营山（Ⅴ ）（图1）。

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	图2 大安寨段产油井与源岩、储层厚度分布叠合图Fig.2 Superposition of oil producing wells and source rock, reservoir thickness distribution map of Daanzhai Formation

（2）分析影响致密油富集的要素, 构建准则层。大安寨段源储互层, 烃源岩丰度较好且处于生烃高峰期, 对致密油富集有控制作用的烃源岩要素为TOC和厚度。介壳灰岩储层大面积分布, 主体厚度15~30 m, 孔隙度1%~3%, 渗透率普遍在2× 10^-3µ m²以下, 含油饱和度在70%~95%。由于储层孔隙度相差不大, 厚度、含油饱和度与裂缝发育程度为致密油富集要素。鉴于大安寨段单井产能控制因素不明显, 以单井EUR作为评价油井产能的一个要素。此外, 评价区构造是否稳定、保存条件是否完好也影响致密油富集。由此, 将烃源岩品质（W₁）、储层厚度（W₂）、含油饱和度（W₃）、裂缝发育程度（W₄）、保存条件（W₅）、EUR（W₆）作为影响大安寨段致密油富集的6个准则（图3）。

（3）构建准则层中各要素的成对比较矩阵, 确定各准则要素的相对权重。该步骤是根据评价者的定性判断, 将各准则要素的相对权定量化。致密油一般分布在优质烃源岩范围内, 储层是致密油评价的重点, 所以储层的权重高于烃源岩。与储层相关的各要素中, 相对权重的排序从高到底依次应该为裂缝发育程度、含油饱和度和储层厚度。致密油作为一种非常规资源, 单井产能是衡量其能否工业开采的重要指标, 该要素与保存条件同等重要。根据1~9的矩阵元素标度, 按照各准则要素的相对重要性大小, 构建成对比较矩阵A。

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	图3 大安寨段致密油有利区优选层次结构模型Fig.3 AHP hierarchical structure of favorable tight oil blocks optimization in Daanzhai formation.

$A = [\begin{matrix} \frac{w_{1}}{w_{1}} & \frac{w_{1}}{w_{2}} & \frac{w_{1}}{w_{3}} & \frac{w_{1}}{w_{4}} & \frac{w_{1}}{w_{5}} & \frac{w_{1}}{w_{6}} \\ \frac{w_{2}}{w_{1}} & \frac{w_{2}}{w_{2}} & \frac{w_{2}}{w_{3}} & \frac{w_{2}}{w_{4}} & \frac{w_{2}}{w_{5}} & \frac{w_{2}}{w_{6}} \\ \frac{w_{3}}{w_{1}} & \frac{w_{3}}{w_{2}} & \frac{w_{3}}{w_{3}} & \frac{w_{3}}{w_{4}} & \frac{w_{3}}{w_{5}} & \frac{w_{3}}{w_{6}} \\ \frac{w_{4}}{w_{1}} & \frac{w_{4}}{w_{2}} & \frac{w_{4}}{w_{3}} & \frac{w_{4}}{w_{4}} & \frac{w_{4}}{w_{5}} & \frac{w_{4}}{w_{6}} \\ \frac{w_{5}}{w_{1}} & \frac{w_{5}}{w_{2}} & \frac{w_{5}}{w_{3}} & \frac{w_{5}}{w_{4}} & \frac{w_{5}}{w_{5}} & \frac{w_{5}}{w_{6}} \\ \frac{w_{6}}{w_{1}} & \frac{w_{6}}{w_{2}} & \frac{w_{6}}{w_{3}} & \frac{w_{6}}{w_{4}} & \frac{w_{6}}{w_{5}} & \frac{w_{6}}{w_{6}} \end{matrix}] = [\begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} \\ 1 & 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 1 \\ 2 & 2 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 3 & 3 & 1 & 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \\ 4 & 3 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 1 \\ 4 & 1 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 1 \end{matrix}]$

通过Wolfram Mathematica 9软件计算比较矩阵A的最大特征值和特征向量, 最大特征值λ _max为6.29, 对应的特征向量为：

W⁽¹⁾=(0.16, 0.23, 0.42, 0.40, 0.57, 0.50)^T

对A进行一致性检验, 一致性指标为：

$CI = \frac{λ_{\max} - n}{n - 1} = \frac{6.29 - 6}{5} = 0.058$

查表得随机一致性指标RI=1.24, 一致性比率CR=CI/RI=0.047< 0.1, 通过一致性检验。

（4）构建各准则要素对不同方案的判断矩阵, 确定不同方案中各准则要素的权重。不同评价区具有不同的地质特征, 准则层各要素的好坏也有差别。根据大安寨段地质特征, 对5个评价区的定性评价结果为：Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅴ 评价区烃源岩品质最好, 其次为Ⅲ 评价区和Ⅳ 评价区; Ⅱ , Ⅲ 评价区储层厚度最大, 其次为Ⅰ , Ⅳ 评价区; Ⅰ 评价区含油饱和度最高, Ⅱ , Ⅴ 评价区次之, Ⅳ 评价区含油饱和度最低; Ⅳ , Ⅴ 评价区断裂、裂缝最发育, Ⅰ , Ⅱ 评价区油气保存条件最好; Ⅰ , Ⅱ 评价区单井EUR最大可达50 000 t, Ⅲ , Ⅳ , Ⅴ 评价区单井EUR多在15 000 t以下（表1）。

表1 川中侏罗系大安寨段5个评价区石油地质因素表 Table 1 Geological element in five blocks of Daanzhai formation, central of the Sichuan Basin

基于已有的定性评价结果, 构建5个评价区关于6个准则要素的判断矩阵, 分别为B₁（烃源岩）、B₂（储层厚度）、B₃（含油饱和度）、B₄（裂缝发育）、B₅（保存条件）、B₆（EUR）。

$B_{1} = [\begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & 4 & 3 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 & 4 & 3 & 2 \\ \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & 1 & 2 & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{2} & 1 & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & 2 & 2 & 1 \end{matrix}]$ $B_{2} = [\begin{matrix} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{3} & 2 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & \frac{1}{2} & 3 & 2 \\ 3 & 2 & 1 & 6 & 4 \\ \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{6} & 1 & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{4} & 2 & 1 \end{matrix}] B_{3} = [\begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 7 & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 2 & 5 & \frac{1}{3} \\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 4 & \frac{1}{4} \\ \frac{1}{7} & \frac{1}{5} & \frac{1}{4} & 1 & \frac{1}{8} \\ 2 & 3 & 4 & 8 & 1 \end{matrix}]$

$B_{4} = [\begin{matrix} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{2} & 1 \\ 2 & 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & 2 \\ 3 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 4 \\ 2 & 2 & \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{4} & 1 & 1 \end{matrix}]$ $B_{5} = [\begin{matrix} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & 4 & 3 \\ 2 & 1 & 2 & 4 & 2 \\ 2 & \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 3 & 2 \\ \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{3} & 1 & \frac{1}{3} \\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & 3 & 1 \end{matrix}] B_{6} = [\begin{matrix} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & 4 & 8 & 4 \\ 2 & 1 & 5 & 9 & 5 \\ \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{5} & 1 & 4 & 1 \\ \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{9} & \frac{1}{4} & 1 & \frac{1}{4} \\ \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{5} & 1 & 4 & 1 \end{matrix}]$

通过Wolfram Mathematica 9软件分别计算这6个判断矩阵的最大特征值和特征向量, B₁~B₆矩阵的最大特征值λ _max按依次为5.1, 5.06, 5.09, 5.17, 5.25, 5.12, 对应的特征向量为：

$w^{(2)} = [\begin{matrix} 0.64 & 0.28 & 0.5 & 0.21 & 0.44 & 0.54 \\ 0.64 & 0.44 & 0.3 & 0.36 & 0.68 & 0.80 \\ 0.20 & 0.82 & 0.19 & 0.76 & 0.50 & 0.17 \\ 0.17 & 0.13 & 0.07 & 0.43 & 0.13 & 0.06 \\ 0.34 & 0.2 & 0.79 & 0.24 & 0.26 & 0.17 \end{matrix}]$

这些矩阵的一致性比率均小于0.1, 通过一致性检验。

（5）将不同方案各准则要素的权重矩阵与准则要素的相对权重矩阵相乘, 得到各方案的层次排序, 进而选出最佳方案。将W⁽²⁾与W⁽¹⁾相乘得到层次总排序向量为：

W=（0.98, 1.26, 0.97, 0.36, 0.76）^T

层次总排序向量中的值与Ⅰ ~Ⅴ 评价区一一对应, 即Ⅱ 区取值最大, 为1.26; Ⅳ 区取值最小, 为0.36。由此可得, 综合考虑准则层中六个石油地质条件, 金华— 莲池区为下一步致密油的最有利勘探区, 该区包含了现有的金华油田、莲池油田和桂花油田; 其次的有利勘探区为公山庙— 八角场区和龙女寺— 磨溪区（Ⅲ ）; 鲜渡河— 广安— 官渡区（Ⅳ ）致密油富集条件差, 勘探风险高。

3.3 使用层次分析法优选有利区的优缺点及发展方向

使用层次分析法优选有利区, 可以将定性的地质分析结果转化为定量的权重值大小, 进而将有利区优选变为有利区的排序问题。常规圈闭型油气藏有利区优选时, 各圈闭成藏要素与成藏过程差异明显, 通过定性的地质分析即可指出有利勘探方向。致密油富集虽然也受烃源岩、储层等成藏要素控制, 但由于其近源分布特征及“ 连续” 聚集性, “ 甜点” 控制要素多样, 各要素对致密油富集的重要程度也难以确定。在有利烃源岩分布范围内, 储层大面积展布, 难以通过常用的“ 叠图法” 定性指出优势的成藏要素耦合区。通过层次模型中的成对比较矩阵和判断矩阵, 可以将各要素好坏的定性评价转变为定量的权重值, 权重值大小的排序即为优选目标的排序。此外, 传统的定性评价需要对照基准参数（即俗称的下限值）才能给出“ 好” 或“ 坏” 的评价结果, 而一般情况下, 由于基准参数难以给定, 定性评价结果误差也较大。使用层次分析法不需考虑下限值, 仅需参数两两相对比较即可得到所有参数的相对重要性。根据层次分析的原理, 在资料把握程度较低的情况下, 也可以通过已有参数相对重要性的比较, 指出有利勘探方向。层次分析法不管是在勘探初期, 还是勘探中后期的有利区优选中都具有适用性。

但是, 由于层次分析中的标度根据人为经验赋值, 不同评价人员给出的标度结果会有差别, 从而影响评价结果。当准则层较多或方案层较多时, 需要构建高阶矩阵, 造成参数繁多、计算复杂。有经验的地质人员在使用层次分析法优选有利区时, 由于地质分析的逻辑思路清晰, 构建的判断矩阵一致性也较好, 由此产生的人为干扰可能会造成评价结果失真。

目前, 国内外^[26~28]常将层次分析法与GIS、特尔菲法、模糊数学法相结合, 提高准则要素的优选合理性及赋值精确性, 多种方法综合以弥补层次分析法的不足, 使评价结果更为可靠。

4 结论

根据致密油资源的分布特征, 其有利区优选指标包括：①有利构造位置; ②优质成熟烃源岩发育; ③储层中“ 甜点” 要素存在, 如物性相对较好、微裂缝发育、含油性较高、脆性矿物发育等; ④单井EUR处于经济界限以上; ⑤保存条件良好。

使用层次分析法优选有利区, 核心内容是层次结构模型的建立和两大类矩阵的构建。层次分析法优选有利区包括5个步骤：①根据研究区地质特征, 确定目标及方案, 构建目标层和方案层; ②分析影响致密油富集的要素, 构建准则层; ③构建准则层中各要素的成对比较矩阵, 确定各准则要素的相对权重; ④构建各准则要素对不同方案的判断矩阵, 确定不同方案中各准则要素的权重; ⑤将不同方案各准则要素的权重矩阵与准则要素的相对权重矩阵相乘, 得到各方案的层次排序, 进而选出最佳方案。使用层次分析法的优选结果, 川中地区大安寨段金华— 莲池区块为下一步致密油的最有利勘探区。

在难以确定优选要素的相对重要性时, 可以通过成对比较矩阵和判断矩阵, 通过参数两两相对比较得到所有参数的相对重要性。使用层次分析法不需考虑下限值, 避免了繁琐的下限值讨论。在资料把握程度较低的情况下, 也可以通过已有参数相对重要性的比较, 指出有利勘探方向, 这些都为层次分析法优选有利区的优点。但是, 由于层次分析中的标度根据人为经验赋值, 不同评价人员给出的标度结果会有差别, 从而影响评价结果。准则层较多或方案层较多, 层次分析也会变得复杂。将层次分析法与GIS、特尔菲法、模糊数学法相结合, 提高准则要素的优选合理性及赋值精确性, 是使用层次分析法优选有利区的发展方向。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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2010

0.0

0.8848

. 2010, 15(3):45-50 DOI:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2010.03.010

The analytical hierarchy process of petroleum migration and accumulation unit assessment

利用层次分析法评价油气运聚单元

Shen Wenjing.

申文静

综合地质、地球化学、地球物理资料,划分和评价了渤海湾盆地北部某凹陷的油气运聚单元.渤海湾盆地研究区共划分为深,浅两个成藏动力学系统,并应用层次分析法从生排烃、储集、运聚和保存4个方面对该凹陷两个成藏动力学系统的油气运聚单元进行了综合评价,结果浅层成藏系统中的5号运聚单元成藏条件最好;深层成藏系统中的5号运聚单元成藏条件最好,2号、3号运聚单元次之.

... 许多学者^[1,2,3,4,5]已将层次分析法引入油气勘探领域,广泛应用于成藏系统评价、成藏主控因素分析、含油圈闭排序、圈闭风险评价等方面 ...

2003

0.0

2.573

. 2003, 30(3):44-47 DOI:doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2003.03.013

AHP applied in the research of main controlling factors for studying formation of sand lens reservoir

应用层次分析法研究透镜状砂体成藏主控因素

Jiang Zhenxue , Chen Dongxia , Qiu Guiqiang

姜振学, 陈冬霞, 邱桂强

The main controlling factors on the formation of sand lens reservoir are of typical arrangement characteristics. AHP is a particularly effective method for quantitatively analyzing non-quantitative matter in the research of sand lens reservoirs. In the analysis process of main controlling factors of formation of the Paleogene petroliferous sand lens in the Jiyang Depression, arrangement structure model and contrast judging matrix were constructed, and AHP calculation method was applied to find out main controlling factors. The research shows that many factors, such as sedimentary microfacies of sandbody, physical property of reservoir, depth and diagenesis extent of source rock and reservoir, organic matter abundance and hydrocarbon generation potential of source rock and efficiency of hydrocarbon expulsion, are the main controlling factors of sand lens reservoirs, and the former five factors make up more than 75 per cent contributions to the formation of this kind of reservoir. On the basis of constructing the evaluation standard of every factor, the synthetical evaluation model of lens reservoir is constructed . By applying AHP to quantitatively evaluate some typical lens reservoirs in the Jiyang Depression, the quantitative results have good coherence to those of the practical statistics.

透镜状砂体油气成藏的主控因素具有典型的层次特征，层次分析法是定量分析透镜状油气藏非常有效的方法。对济阳坳陷古近系透镜状油气藏的成藏要素进行统计分析，建立了层次分析结构模型和两两对比判别矩阵，应用层次分析计算方法，找出了成藏的主控因素。分析研究认为，砂体的沉积微相、储集层物性、烃源岩和储集层的埋深及演化程度、有机质丰度及生烃潜力、排烃效率等因素是透镜状砂体圈闭成藏的主控因素，前5项因素对该类油气藏的成藏贡献超过75%。在建立成藏要素自身评价标准的基础上，给出各成藏要素自身评价分值与该要素成藏贡献大小权值，建立了透镜状油气藏的加权综合评价模型。用该模型对济阳坳陷几个典型透镜状油气藏进行定量评价，评价结果与实际统计结果一致性很好。图4表3参6

... 许多学者^[1,2,3,4,5]已将层次分析法引入油气勘探领域,广泛应用于成藏系统评价、成藏主控因素分析、含油圈闭排序、圈闭风险评价等方面 ...

1999

0.0

. 1999, 20(3):255-259 DOI:doi:10.11743/ogg19990318

Hierarchic analysis method used in sedimentary facies quantitative recognition

沉积相定量识别中的层次分析方法

Ou Chenghua , Chen Jingshan.

欧成华, 陈景山

Hierarchic analysis method used in sedimentary facies quantitative recognition can improve the analytic accuracy and correction of sedimentary facies.The facies markers that are used in determining facies types are characterited by typical hierarchic properties.These properties could be used as important quantitative indexes(weight).Combining with Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,hierarchic analysis method could be used to recognize facies types.A quantitative recognation example of Permian marine carbonate facies in Jingshan section of Central Hubei Depression suggests that this method is effective and the correct ratio is up to 78%～88%.

沉积相定量识别可以提高沉积相分析精度和准确性。由于用于确定沉积相类属的相标志物间具有典型的层次特征,因而可以用层次分析方法来定量确定各相标志物对于沉积相类属的相对重要性定量指标(权重),并结合模糊综合评判法即可定量识别沉积相类属。通过对鄂中坳陷京山剖面二叠系海相碳酸盐岩沉积相定量识别的结果表明,用层次分析方法(结合模糊综合评判法) 进行沉积相定量识别正判率达78%～88%,证明是切实有效的。

... 许多学者^[1,2,3,4,5]已将层次分析法引入油气勘探领域,广泛应用于成藏系统评价、成藏主控因素分析、含油圈闭排序、圈闭风险评价等方面 ...

1998

0.0

. 1998, 11(6):30-33

Application of AHP method in oil trap sorting

层次分析法在含油圈闭排序中的应用

Guo Fengming , Cheng Jinhua.

郭凤鸣, 成金华

本文介绍了运用层次分析法解决含油圈闭排序的方法及应用效果。首先，根据四项评价准则画出递阶层次结构图，然后建立判断矩阵，计算单排序和一致性检验，最后合成总排序

... 许多学者^[1,2,3,4,5]已将层次分析法引入油气勘探领域,广泛应用于成藏系统评价、成藏主控因素分析、含油圈闭排序、圈闭风险评价等方面 ...

2002

0.0

1.355

... 许多学者^[1,2,3,4,5]已将层次分析法引入油气勘探领域,广泛应用于成藏系统评价、成藏主控因素分析、含油圈闭排序、圈闭风险评价等方面 ...

2014

0.0

0.8848

. 2014, 34(6):1-9 DOI:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2014.01.001

Progress in China#cod#x02019;s tight oil exploration and challenges

中国致密油勘探进展及面临的挑战

Du Jinhu , He Haiqing , Yang Tao

杜金虎, 何海清, 杨涛

中国致密油勘探开发起步较晚,综合分析判断致密油是非常规油气资源现实的勘探开发领域.近3年,中国石油持续推进致密油勘探开发理论研究与生产实践,坚持搞清资源、准备技术、突破重点、稳步推进的致密油基本定位,取得了在鄂尔多斯、准噶尔和松辽等六大盆地形成了3个超亿吨级规模储量区、获得6项新发现和新苗头的一批成果,创新完善了以致密油甜点区预测和提高单井产量为目标的地震预测、测井评价、水平井钻探和体积压裂4项关键配套技术,初步形成了2项中国陆相致密油成藏理论认识等勘探开发、理论认识与技术创新方面的重要进展.但是我国致密油发展总体处于起步和探索阶段,分析认为主要面临如何深化理论认识、实现关键技术突破、实现效益开发与降低成本等4方面的挑战.基于我国陆相致密油地质条件复杂、起步晚的实际情况,提出建议国家加大政策扶持力度,以及重点做好加强研究、注重应用,加强攻关、完善技术,加强探索、突出发现,控制成本、提高效益等4方面的工作建议,对加快中国致密油发展、保障国家油气能源安全具有重要意义.

... 本研究在前人^[6,7,8,9,10]致密油地质特征研究基础上,结合层次分析法,以四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段为例,对致密油有利区优选流程进行介绍,并优选川中地区大安寨段致密油有利区 ...

2014

0.0

2.573

2013

0.0

1.967

. 2013, 34(5):573-583 DOI:doi:10.11743/ogg20130501

Hydrocarbon accumulation patterns of large tight oil and gas fields

论致密大油气田成藏模式

Zhao Jingzhou , Li Jun , Cao Qing

赵靖舟, 李军, 曹青

Three patterns of hydrocarbon accumulation in large tight oil/gas fields are proposed,namely,continuous accumulation (or basin-centered gas type or deep-basin gas type),quasi-continuous accumulation,and discontinuous (conventional trap type) accumulation.Like the continuous accumulation,the quasi-continuous accumulation also features in large area,without clear boundaries and water lags,reservoir being adjacent to source rocks and pervasive distribution.In addition,non-buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon migration is dominant.The major driving forcers of migration are overpressure,diffusion and capillary pressure,while buoyancy is limited.The migration is largely in the form of non-Darcy surge flow and diffusion flow.However,the quasi-continuous accumulation is different from the continuous accumulation in many aspects.The quasi-continuous accumulation commonly consists of many adjacent medium to small oil/gas reservoirs and the hydrocarbons are in quasi-continuous distribution.Oil/gas and water contact is complex and no regional updip water present.Hydrocarbon charging is mainly vertical and pervasive expulsion.Hydrocarbon accumulation is characte-rized by direct accumulation via primary migration or short-distance secondary migration.The reservoirs get tight prior to or contemporaneous with the hydrocarbon charging and are highly heterogeneous.The traps have certain controlling effect on hydrocarbon accumulation.The continuous unconventional accumulation represented by the basin-centred gas or deep-basin gas and the typical discontinuous conventional accumulation are representative of two end-member types of tight hydrocarbon accumulations in complicated geological settings.Hence some transitional varieties must exist between them and the quasi-continuous accumulation is just such a transitional type that might be a universal and predominated pattern for large oil/gas accumulation to occur in tight formations.In reality,a typical continuous accumulation ought to be that occurs within a source rock interval like shale gas or coalbed methane,while a typical discontinuous accumulation is that occurs within the conventional reservoirs outside or even far away from source rocks,and it is not only strictly confined by conventional traps but also possesses bottom or edge water.The hydrocarbon accumulations in tight reservoirs out of but close to source rocks are predominantly quasi-continuous accumulation,followed by atypical discontinuous accumulations.In contrast,continuous accumulations such as basin-centered gas or deep-basin gas are,if any,uncommon.

根据对国内外致密油气聚集成藏特征的分析,提出致密大油气田存在3种成藏模式,即连续型(深盆气型)、准连续型和不连续型(常规圈闭型)。与连续型油气藏相似,准连续型油气聚集也表现为:油气分布面积较大,无明确边界,也无边底水;源、储邻近,广覆式分布;油气运移主要为非浮力驱动,运移动力主要为异常压力、扩散作用力和毛细管压力,浮力作用受限;运移的方式主要为非达西流,以涌流和扩散流为主。所不同的是:准连续型油气聚集由多个彼此相邻的中小型油气藏组成,油气呈准连续分布;油、气、水分布比较复杂,无显著油、气、水倒置;油气充注以大面积弥漫式垂向排驱为主,初次运移直接成藏或短距离二次运移成藏;储层先致密后成藏或边致密边成藏,且非均质性较强;圈闭对油气聚集成藏具有一定控制作用。研究认为,以深盆气或盆地中心气为代表的连续型油气藏与典型的不连续型常规圈闭油气藏,分别代表了复杂地质环境中致密油气藏形成序列中的两种端元类型,二者之间应存在不同的过渡类型。准连续型油气藏就是这样一种过渡类型的致密油气聚集,并且可能是致密储层中大油气田形成的主要方式。事实上,典型的连续型油气聚集应是那些形成于烃源岩内的油气聚集(如页岩气和煤层气),典型的不连续型油气聚集则是那些形成于烃源岩外近源-远源的常规储层中、受常规圈闭严格控制并且具有边底水的油气聚集;而形成于烃源岩外并且近源的致密油气藏则主要为准连续型油气聚集,其次为非典型的不连续型(常规圈闭型)油气聚集,而像盆地中心气或深盆气那样的连续型聚集则较为少见。

2014

0.0

1.388

. 2014, 29(6):651-661 DOI:doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.06.0651

Study status and key scientific issue of tight reservoir oil and gas accumulation mechanism

致密储层油气成藏机理研究现状及其关键科学问题

Zeng Jianhui , Yang Zhifeng , Feng Xiao

曾溅辉, 杨智峰, 冯枭

Tight oil and tight gas have been a hot area of petroleum exploration, development and research for the past 20 years. Based on extensive research of literature, the study status of tight reservoir characteristics and geneses, petroleum formation and distribution characteristics in tight reservoirs, and petroleum migration and accumulation mechanism in tight reservoirs are firstly summarized in this article. Secondly, the main features of domestic and international tight oil and gas accumulation researches are analyzed. At last, the article point out that the key scientific issue of tight oil and gas pool formation is petroleum injection, migration and accumulation in micro-nano pore network systems, which refers to petroleum injection mechanism from source rocks to tight reservoirs, petroleum migration and percolation mechanism in micro-nano pore network systems and petroleum occurrence and accumulation (detention) mechanism in micro-nano pore network systems. Investigation on tight reservoir oil and gas accumulation mechanism should pay attention to three key scientific problems.

致密油气是世界上近20年来勘探、开发和研究的热点。在大量文献资料调研的基础上,首先总结了前人对致密储层特征及成因、致密储层油气形成和分布特征以及致密储层油气运移和聚集机理等方面的研究现状;然后分析了目前国内外有关致密储层油气成藏研究的主要特点;最后提出微米—纳米级孔喉网络系统油气充注、运移和聚集机理是致密储层油气成藏机理的核心科学问题,具体体现为油气由烃源岩向致密储层的充注机理、致密储层微米—纳米级孔喉网络系统油气运移的渗流机理以及致密储层微米—纳米级孔喉网络系统油气的赋存和聚集（滞留）机理3个具体的关键科学问题,而这将是致密储层油气成藏机理下一步研究的重点。

2014

0.0

1.388

. 2014, 29(6):700-711 DOI:doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.06.0700

Advances in shale oil/gas research in North America and considerations on exploration for continental shale oil/gas in China

北美页岩油气研究进展及对中国陆相页岩油气勘探的思考

Zhang Linye , Li Juyuan , Li Zheng

张林晔, 李钜源, 李政

北关在海相页岩油气的勘探开发中已获得巨大成功,研究表明,页岩油和页岩气形成条件和赋存状态虽然具有较多的共性,但也存在一定差异.共性为二者均呈“连续型”分布于沉积盆地的斜坡和中心带,具有工业开采价值的页岩油气均产自有机质丰度高、脆性矿物含量高、存在异常高压的页岩地层.两者的差异性表现在页岩气的产生具有多源性和多阶性,即页岩气既可来自I-Ⅱ型有机质,也可来自Ⅲ型有机质,但页岩油主要来自I-Ⅱ型有机质;页岩气可形成于有机质成熟作用的任何阶段,但页岩油是有机质处于成熟阶段的产物.由于页岩油和页岩气分子直径和结构的差异导致两者在页岩中的赋存状态和开采机制存在一定差别.勘探实践表明,中国陆相盆地存在着丰富的页岩油气资源,如何利用这些资源,有针对性地研究其勘探开发技术,是我国页岩油气勘探开发面临的重要问题.

2012

0.0

0.3326

. 2012, 42(7):93-100 DOI:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0984.2012.07.012

Research on computation methods of AHP wight vector and its applications

层次分析法权重计算方法分析及其应用研究

Deng Xue , Li Jiaming , Zeng Haojian

邓雪, 李家铭, 曾浩健

介绍层次分析法的基本概念,同时也分析了层次分析法权重的计算方法及应用.层次分析法的计算方法有四种方法:几何平均法、算术平均法、特征向量法、最小二乘法.以往的文献利用层次分析法解决实际问题时,都是采用其中的某一种方法求权重向量,不同的方法会导致结果有些偏差.将对一具体实例,采用四种计算方法分别得出权重向量再进行排序和综合分析,这样可以避免采用单一方法所产生的偏差,得出的结论将更全面、更有效.

... 使用层次分析法进行优选的原理、求解公式已在许多文献中^[11,12,13]作了详细介绍,本文将该方法融入致密油有利区优选流程,使用Wolfram Mathematica 9软件计算成对比较矩阵和判断矩阵的最大特征值和相应特征向量,为快速优选其它盆地致密油有利区提供借鉴 ...

... 1 层次分析法原理层次分析法应用简单的数学工具结合运筹思想将复杂的问题分解为各个组成因素,并按支配关系分组形成层次结构,通过综合各因素之间的相互影响关系及其在系统中的作用,来确定各因素的相对重要性^[11~13] ...

2002

0.0

0.457

. 2002, 38(12):45-48 DOI:doi:10.3321/j.issn:1002-8331.2002.12.017

Caculation on high-ranked RI of analytic hierarchy process

层次分析法中高阶平均随机一致性指标(RI)的计算

Hong Zhiguo , Li Yan , Fan Zhihua

洪志国, 李焱, 范植华

利用层次分析法分析和解决问题时,要对通过两两比较判断出的矩阵一致性进行检验[1].高阶平均随机一致性指标的值一般无法直接通过查表而得,这一难点阻碍着层次分析法大面积的推广应用[2].文章在深刻剖析层次分析法的基础上,给出根据平均随机一致性指标的定义计算高阶平均随机一致性指标值的算法,并且基于windows环境在delphi6.0下予以程序实现.该算法已成功运用于中国科学院知识创新工程某智能决策系统中.

2004

0.0

0.4356

. 2004, 40(2):264-267 DOI:doi:10.3321/j.issn:0476-0301.2004.02.025

Shortcomings of analytical hierarchy process and the path to improve the method

层次分析法的不足及其改进的途径

Wu Dianting , Li Dongfang.

吴殿廷, 李东方

针对层次分析法存在的问题,结合教师绩效考核实践提出了具体的改进建议,主要是加强与模糊综合评价等方法的结合.一是尽量邀请多个专家参与评价以提高判断矩阵的质量;二是努力挖掘定量信息的价值,并把定量信息与定性信息进行综合,以提高评价过程的客观性,保证评价结果的综合性、全面性.层次分析法与模糊综合评价等方法各有利弊,当评价对象很多、评价精度要求不高时,应该用模糊综合评价方法,但在确定评价因子的权重时最好用层次分析法;当评价对象不多、评价精度要求很高时,最好用层次分析法.

2002

0.0

... ,该类型资源的一大特点是：优质成熟烃源岩分布范围内,油气在大范围展布的非常规储层中连续或准连续聚集,没有明显的圈闭界限^{[14,15,16,17]} ...

2013

0.0

2.573

. 2013, 40(3):321-327 DOI:doi:10.11698/PED.2013.03.08

An assessment of tight oil resource potential in the Upper Cretaceous Cardium Formation,Western Canada Sedimentary Basin

西加拿大沉积盆地Cardium组致密油资源评价

Chen Zhuoheng , Osadetz K G.

谌卓恒

The Cardium “halo oil” occurs either in the fringe of or between existing conventional discrete sandstone reservoirs and it is commonly associated with conventional oil and gas pools in stratigraphic traps in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. This paper uses the geological model-based simulation approach to assess the “halo oil” resource potential in the Cardium Formation. This geological model-based approach, consisting of a geological model, a resource model and a stochastic modeling procedure, extracts essential information regarding the richness and spatial characteristics of oil resources from a variety of data sources using statistical methods and integrates this information with the geological and resource models respectively to estimate the resource potential. This approach predicts the resource potential, the spatial distribution of the resource and the exploration risk. These outputs provide critical information for exploration decision-making. The Cardium “halo-oil” assessment result indicates a mean total oil in-place (conventional and unconventional) of 46×108 m3 and a mean undiscovered “halo oil” in-place of 29×108 m3. Using current technology and economic constraints, the undiscovered recoverable “halo oil” in this tight reservoir is 1.1×108 m3, representing less than 4% of the remaining in-place oil resource, but accounting for 38% of total recoverable oil in the same formation. A comparison with resource estimates obtained using a well-performance approach based on the extrapolation of production data from stimulated horizontal wells suggests that the mean recoverable estimates obtained using the two different approaches are compatible, suggesting that the geological model-based approach provides a reliable estimate of oil resource potential.

西加拿大盆地Cardium组以岩性为主要控制因素的油气藏边缘或油气藏之间发育一种被称为裙边油藏的非常规致密油资源，应用基于地质模型的随机模拟方法对Cardium组致密油资源量进行了预测。基于地质模型的随机模拟由3部分组成：地质模型建立、资源模型建立和随机模拟。采用统计学方法将分散在不同资料中有关资源丰度及其空间分布的信息有效地提取出来，并通过数学模型加以整理和重新组合，预测结果不仅包括资源量，同时给出其空间分布并指出勘探风险，可为勘探提供决策依据。预测结果表明，Cardium组总地质资源量（常规+非常规）为46×108 m3，待发现的致密油地质资源量为29×108 m3，目前技术和经济条件下可采资源量为1.1×108 m3，不到待发现地质资源量的4%，但约占Cardium组总可采资源量的38%。基于Cardium组水平井资料，利用根据生产井产量递减推算的单井最终可采储量方法对基于地质模型随机模拟方法的评价结果进行检验，两种方法得到的可采资源量均值相差不大，证明基于地质模型的随机模拟评价结果可靠。图11参24

... ,该类型资源的一大特点是：优质成熟烃源岩分布范围内,油气在大范围展布的非常规储层中连续或准连续聚集,没有明显的圈闭界限^{[14,15,16,17]} ...

2010

0.0

1.437

... ,该类型资源的一大特点是：优质成熟烃源岩分布范围内,油气在大范围展布的非常规储层中连续或准连续聚集,没有明显的圈闭界限^{[14,15,16,17]} ...

2009

1.768

0.0

... ,该类型资源的一大特点是：优质成熟烃源岩分布范围内,油气在大范围展布的非常规储层中连续或准连续聚集,没有明显的圈闭界限^{[14,15,16,17]} ...

2014

0.0

... 优质是指烃源岩有机碳含量（Total Organic Carbon, TOC）普遍在2%以上并具有一定的连续厚度^[18] ...

... 区^[18] ...

1989

0.0

... 大安寨段是四川原油的主力产层,地层厚度10~120 m,为介壳灰岩与黑色页岩互层,黑色页岩生成的石油近源聚集在介壳灰岩储层中^[19~23] ...

... 的独特勘探开发现状^[19,20],储层厚度10~30 m,呈环带状分布 ...

2011

0.0

1.437

. 2011, 32(1):9-16 DOI:doi:10.7623/syxb201101002

A re-recognition of the prospecting potential of Jurassic large-area and non-conventional oils in the central-northern Sichuan Basin

四川盆地中北部侏罗系大面积非常规石油勘探潜力的再认识

Liang Digang , Ran Longhui , Dai Danshen

梁狄刚, 冉隆辉, 戴弹申

通过对四川盆地侏罗系石油的资源潜力、油藏类型、裂缝型储层及勘探开发技术适应性等4个方面进行的再认识,作者认为:①四川盆地侏罗系的石油资源量可能比目前的(10～11)× 108t要大得多.②它是一种特殊类型的大面积非常规致密油聚集,没有明显圈闭界限;没有明显边、底水及油水界面,属"无水油藏";浮力与重力分异不明显,缺少大规模二次运移,源内或近源聚集;储层具有特低孔渗、双重介质特征;大面积整体含油,多层系叠合连片,"连续"分布在斜坡及凹陷区,不受局部构造控制而受岩性控制,含油范围以油井分布范围划定,往往是先有产量后有储量.③不能把侏罗系油层简单定性为"裂缝型",裂缝是测试及生产初期获得高产的必要条件,但各类孔隙对储量和长期低产稳产有重要贡献.④这类非常规致密油的储量规模很大,但是要采用以压裂为主的非常规技术进行开采.建议以龙岗地区沙溪庙组为突破口,推动四川盆地石油勘探开发打开一个新局面.

... 的独特勘探开发现状^[19,20],储层厚度10~30 m,呈环带状分布 ...

... 研究证实^[20~25],大安寨段油井产量受裂缝发育程度控制强,高产井主要分布在裂缝系统发育地区 ...

2011

0.0

. 2011, 32(54):816-822 DOI:doi:10.1016/S1003-9953(10)60145-4

Petroleum exploration prospect of the Jurassic tight reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin

四川盆地川中侏罗系致密储层石油勘探前景

Liao Qunshan , Hu Hua , Lin Jianping

廖群山, 胡华, 林建平

From viewpoint of continuous petroleum accumulation and comparison with Bakken Formation in Willsiton Basin(USA),the paper discussed petroleum exploration prospect of the Jurassic tight reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin.The Jurassic reservoirs in Sichuan Basin are typical tight ones with an average porosity of 1-3.7%,average permeability of 0.35×10 -3 -0.53×10 -3 μm and median pore throat radius of 0.05-0.24 mm.The Jurassic reservoirs contacte closely with source rocks both laterally and vertically in central Sichuan Basin.The hydrocarbons accumulates within source rocks or in reservoirs close to the source rocks.The major reservoirs are continuously distributed in the slope area and sags,have no distinct trap boundaries,and are not controlled by local structures.Multiple reservoirs superimposed vertically and connected laterally,forming a large hydrocarbon-bearing areal extent.Most oil-bearing blocks have an abnormal overpressure system,no water in the reservoir and no uniform oil/water contact.The Jurassic oil accumulation in central Sichuan Basin is a typical continuous one basically similar to the Bakken Formation.In recent years,the Bakken tight oil have been deve- loped in large scale with horizontal well and multi-stage fracturing techniques thanks to the relatively high oil price.In contrast,exploration and development of the Jurassic tight reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin have no breakthrough due to the constraints of understanding,investment and technology.Improving geological understanding,strengthening research of key technologies such as horizontal drilling and multi-stage fracturing and increasing single well production are critical to the successful exploration and development of the Jurassic tight re- servoir in central part of Sichuan Basin.

从连续型石油聚集和与美国Williston盆地Bakken组对比的角度,对四川盆地川中侏罗系致密储层的石油勘探前景进行了探讨。研究认为:1)四川盆地侏罗系储层孔隙度平均为1.0%～3.7%,渗透率平均为0.35×10 -3 ～0.53×10 -3 μm 2 ,中值孔喉半径平均为0.05～0.24 μm,属于典型的致密储层。2)川中侏罗系产油层纵、横向上与生油层密切共生,源内或近源聚集;主力油层连续分布在斜坡区和凹陷区,没有明显的圈闭界限,不受局部构造控制;多层系叠合连片,大面积整体含油;多数含油区块为异常高压系统,油藏无水,没有统一的油-水边界,为较典型的连续型石油聚集,与Bakken组基本相同。3)Bakken组致密储层石油在近几年相对高油价背景下,主要以水平井及分段压裂技术实现了规模效益勘探开发;川中侏罗系受认识、投入和技术的制约,近十几年来未有实质性进展。4)从研究认识着手,建立先导性试验区,加强水平井及分段压裂等关键工艺技术攻关,有效提高单井产量,这是打开川中侏罗系致密储层石油勘探开发新局面的有效途径。

2013

0.0

2.288

. 2013, 40(2):477-484 DOI:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2013.02.012

The potential of tight oil resource in Da#cod#x02019;anzhai Formation of Gong Shanmiao,Jurassic of central Sichuan Basin

川中地区公山庙油田侏罗系大安寨段致密油资源潜力分析

Wang Shaoyong , Li Jianzhong , Li Denghua

汪少勇, 李建忠, 李登华

Abstract：The Da’anzhai reservoir in the Gongshanmiao oil field belongs to tight oil type, and its physical properties are extremely tight with porosity less than 2% and permeability below 0.05mD. The oil reservoir in Da’anzhai extends extensively and has relatively oil enriched places called “sweet spots”. Vertically, the oil layers in Da’anzhai are strongly heterogeneous. The top and bottom segments of the section are composed of thick shelly limestone and are main producing parts in Da’anzhai section; the middle segment composed of thin shelly limestone interbedded with shale is the secondary pay zone. The structure and the thickness of shelly limestone and dark shale are not the main mechanism of oil enrichment. "Sweet spots" are located in the sloping area on the western side of Gongshanmiao. Based on geological information and production data of wells, the authors calculated the recoverable resource using the volumetric method and production decline fitting method, and the result is 3.38 million tons and 1.56 million tons, respectively.

提要：公山庙油田侏罗系大安寨段油层孔隙度大多小于2%，渗透率一般小于0.05×10-3μm2，属于典型的致密油层。该油层平面上大面积分布，存在明显的“甜点”区；剖面上非均质性强，顶部大一亚段和底部大三亚段的厚层介壳灰岩为主力产油层，中部大一三亚段的介壳灰岩与页岩薄互层为次要产油层。构造、介壳灰岩及暗色泥岩厚度对致密油富集没有明显的控制作用，“甜点”主要分布在公山庙构造西侧斜坡区。通过对公山庙油田大安寨段沉积演化、烃源岩生烃条件、储层特征及油气分布规律的研究，结合生产井数据，运用容积法和产量递减拟合法分别计算可采资源量，预测公山庙油田大安寨段致密油可采资源量分别为338.11万t和155.74万t。

2014

0.0

1.055

. 2014, 25(11):1 757-1 766 DOI:doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2014.11.1757

EUR distribution analogous method: Application to tight oil assessment in Jurassic, Sichuan Basin

EUR分布类比法在川中地区侏罗系致密油资源评价中的应用

Wang Shaoyong , Li Jianzhong , Li Denghua

汪少勇, 李建忠, 李登华

EUR distribution analogous method is applicable to unconventional resource assessment.Geological settings for tight oil resource exist in Jurassic,central Sichuan Basin.The large number of long-run production wells in this area creates condition for the use of EUR distribution analogous method.This paper divides EUR distribution analogous method into six steps.We calculated the distribution of EUR in three main production layers (J 2 s 1 ,J 1 l and J 1 dn) and established a geological evaluation standard for EUR in Jurassic reservoir.The results show that in the best pay zone (Ⅰarea),J 2 s 1 has the highest EUR with a value of 3×10t (50%),while the EUR in J 1 l and J 1 dn with the same probability is 2.8×10t and 2.5×10t,respectively.The research also reveals that the well space in theⅠarea is about 1.4km 2 (50%),in the Ⅱ area and the Ⅲ area is 0.75-1km 2 and 0.35-0.45km，respectively.EUR distribution analogous method was used to calculate the recoverable resource in Gongshanmian and Guihua Oilfields,and the two oil fields have recoverable resource of 1 679.82×10t and 781.53×10t,respectively with an area of 2 000km 2 in total.It indicates that the resource potential of tight oil can be great in Jurassic,Sichuan Basin.

四川盆地侏罗系具致密油资源形成的条件，前人资源评价结果差别较大，需采用非常规的资源评价方法进一步认识其资源潜力。川中地区侏罗系致密储层石油生产井数据多，能使用EUR(Estimated Ultimate Recovery)分布类比法计算资源量。将EUR分布类比法分为6个基本步骤，在油气生产井多，生产时间长的地区能快速估算研究区的可采资源量。应用EUR分布类比法计算川中侏罗系致密储层石油的EUR分布，建立了EUR的地质评价标准，并估算了公山庙、桂花2个油区的可采资源量。结果表明:川中地区侏罗系3套主力产层中，50%概率下沙一段Ⅰ类区单井EUR值可达3×10t，凉上段Ⅰ类区的单井EUR值可达2.8×10t，大安寨段Ⅰ类区的单井EUR值为2.5×10t，有效烃源岩的厚度、裂缝发育程度、有效烃源岩厚度与储层厚度的比值对EUR值的影响最大|川中地区侏罗系致密油Ⅰ类区50%概率的生产井井控面积约为1.4km 2 ，Ⅱ类区的井控面积主体在0.75～1km 2 之间，Ⅲ类区井控面积约为0.35～0.45km 2 ;使用EUR分布类比法估算公山庙、桂花2个油区近2000km 2 范围内3套主力产层的可采资源量分别为1 679.82×10t和781.53×10t，表明四川盆地侏罗系致密储层石油具有较大的勘探潜力。

... 大安寨段是四川原油的主力产层,地层厚度10~120 m,为介壳灰岩与黑色页岩互层,黑色页岩生成的石油近源聚集在介壳灰岩储层中^[19~23] ...

... 2%,处于生油高峰期^[23] ...

... 大安寨段油井的产量曲线表现为初始生产即递减,而后较稳定低产的特征,稳定期的单井产量多在1~10 t/d之间^[23] ...

2012

0.0

0.833

. 2012, 32(12):22-29 DOI:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2012.12.005

Jurassic system in the east of Sichuan Province#cod#x02014;A tight oil and gas new field of great importance in Sichuan Basin

川东侏罗系#cod#x02014;#cod#x02014;四川盆地亟待重视的一个致密油气新领域

Wang Shiqian , Hu Suyun , Dong Dazhong.

王世谦, 胡素云, 董大忠

1.Research Institute of Exploration & Development, Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, PetroChina, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, China; 2.Petroleum Exploration & Development Research Institute, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China

The Jurassic hydrocarbon exploration and development have always focused on the middle and west of the Sichuan Basin but ignored the huge hydrocarbon resources and great exploration potential in the east of this basin. This virgin land has been left there unexplored and undeveloped over the past almost 6 decades. In reality, a great volume of oil and gas shows have been discovered in many wells targeting the Jurassic pay zones in East Sichuan Basin, even industrial oil and gas flows have been achieved in a few cases. A preliminary study shows that there are good conditions in this virgin land for the formation of hydrocarbon reservoirs, very similar to those in Middle Sichuan Basin: great thickness of source rocks, tight reservoirs, rich hydrocarbon resources, etc. Thus, this virgin land will become another prospective area favorable for the exploration of original oil and gas reservoirs in this basin. Therefore, this paper suggests that the Jurassic tight oil and gas reservoirs in East Sichuan Basin should be taken as an important new target; overall assessment and specific Jurassic exploration should be carried out; pilot tests for horizontal wells and reservoir stimulation should be made in the low, buried structures or the wide synclines with better preserving conditions by use of such exploration evaluation technologies and methods for the discovery and exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Compared with shale gas exploration in the complex areas like the structure in the southeastern Chongqing, oil and gas exploration in the Jurassic of East Sichuan Basin is of lower geological risk and exploitation cost but of higher success rate and opportunity of delivering oil and gas resources and putting into commercial production, therefore it is more realistic and inevitable to discover largescale hydrocarbon reservoirs or fields.

四川盆地侏罗系油气勘探开发主要集中在川中和川西地区，长期以来对川东地区侏罗系蕴藏的丰富油气资源与勘探潜力未能给予足够的重视。在四川盆地近60年的勘探开发历史中，川东侏罗系至今几乎还是一片尚待开发的油气资源处女地。事实上，川东地区许多钻井在钻遇侏罗系时都曾发现过大量的油气显示，少量钻井经测试甚至获得过工业油气流。初步研究结果表明，川东地区侏罗系具有与川中地区侏罗系十分相似的油气成藏条件，其烃源岩厚度大、储层致密、油气资源丰富，是四川盆地内除川中侏罗系之外还有希望找到原生油藏的一个有利地区。建议尽快将川东侏罗系油气藏作为四川盆地一个重要的致密油气勘探新领域，开展整体评价研究，实施专层勘探，并采用非常规油气勘探评价技术与方法，在油气保存条件较好的低缓、潜伏构造以及宽缓的向斜区，优选有利区块，开展水平井钻井与储层改造先导性试验。与目前在渝东南等构造复杂区开展的页岩气勘探相比，川东侏罗系油气勘探的地质风险与开采成本将更低，探明油气资源并投入商业开发的成功率与机遇更大，更具有找到规模性油气田（藏）的现实必然性。

2010

0.0

0.2391

... 研究证实^[20~25],大安寨段油井产量受裂缝发育程度控制强,高产井主要分布在裂缝系统发育地区 ...

2014

0.0

1.388

. 2014, 29(8):968-973 DOI:doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.08.0968

Application of GIS-based analytic chierarchy process for uranium minerogenetic prediction in Guyuan region

基于GIS的层次分析法在沽源地区铀成矿预测中的应用

Lu Huixiong , Wang Yongjun , Wang Bing

卢辉雄, 王永军, 汪冰

Based on the analysis of metallogenetic characteristics of the uranium deposits in Guyuan region, summarizes the regional prospecting symbol, Various geological anomalous information of the area is analyzed. With the spatial analysis function of GIS, extracte the 14 favorable factors include strata, structure, subvolcanic rock, hydrothermal, alteration, geochemical anomaly, aeromagnetic anomalies, etc. were extracted, and the analytic hierarchy process model was built. Finally, based on the analysis, favorable areas were predicted according to the ore formation probability values.The prediction showed two firstgrade metallogenetic targets, seven secondarygrade metallogenetic targets and five threegrade metallogenetic targets, which laid the foundation for further prospecting in Guyuan region.

在分析了沽源地区铀矿床成矿地质特征的基础上, 总结了区域铀矿找矿标志, 提取了各类找矿信息, 利用GIS的空间分析功能分别提取了地层、构造、潜火山岩、热液蚀变、化探异常、航磁异常、航放异常等14个有利分析因子, 建立了层次分析模型, 并根据该区成矿概率的分布进行了成矿远景区的预测, 圈定Ⅰ级远景区2个、Ⅱ级远景区7个、Ⅲ级远景区5个, 为在沽源地区开展进一步铀矿找矿奠定了基础。

... 目前,国内外^[26~28]常将层次分析法与GIS、特尔菲法、模糊数学法相结合,提高准则要素的优选合理性及赋值精确性,多种方法综合以弥补层次分析法的不足,使评价结果更为可靠 ...

2011

1.854

0.0

2014

1.495

0.0