中国历史时期气候变化影响及其应对的启示*
葛全胜1, 方修琦1,2, 郑景云1

Learn from the Historical Impacts of Climatic Change in China
Ge Quansheng1, Fang Xiuqi1,2, Zheng Jingyun1
图1 秦汉以来中国气候变化及其影响 [ 16 ] A.秦汉以来全国每30年发生战争的次数(资料源自文献[22]);B.秦汉以来黄河中下游地区米价指数曲线(每个朝代分别标准化, 30年分辨率。清朝以前由著者重建, 清朝(覆盖范围为全国)引自文献[23]);C.秦汉以来农牧交错带西段(呼和浩特至潼关一线以西)北界的变化(秦汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐和明朝系著者重建, 其中450s至530s引自文献[24], 宋、元和清朝引自文献[25]);D.秦汉以来东中部地区(105#cod#x000b0;E以东, 25#cod#x000b0;~40#cod#x000b0;N)冬半年温度变化(分辨率为30年, 柱图代表相对于1951#cod#x02014;1980年冬温均值的正、负距平值, 点线为60年滤波结果, 本曲线在文献[26, 27]基础上进行了修订;E.东汉以来东中部地区(105#cod#x000b0;E以东, 25#cod#x000b0;~40#cod#x000b0;N)每50年发生重大旱涝事件的年数(曲线分别为旱涝灾害(E)、重大旱灾(E1)和重大涝灾(E2)百年滑动平均历史时期气候变化影响#cod#x0201c;冷抑暖扬#cod#x0201d;的总体特征有助于人们更全面地认识全球变暖对我国的影响。20世纪暖期是过去2 000年中百年尺度的暖期之一 [ 35 ] , 虽然现代中国已进入工业化阶段, 社会经济状况与以农立国的历史时期有显著不同, 但历史上暖期影响的某些方面对现代仍有借鉴意义, 历史上暖期对社会发展有促进影响的基本事实可以帮助我们在了解气候增暖的负面影响时, 也要同时深入了解气候增暖的正面作用, 从而更有针对性的适应气候增暖。
Fig.1 Impacts of climate change in China since the Qin Dynasty [ 16 ] A.The number of the war per 30 years since the Qin Dynasty the data is from reference[22]; B. The rice price index in the middle and lower basins of the Yellow River since the Qin Dynasty30 years resolution. The index in the Qing Dynasty is nationwide, from reference[23]; C. Changes of the north boundary of farmingpastoral zonewest to Hohhot-Tongguan the boundary in 450s~530s is from reference[24]; the boundaries in the dynasties of Song, Yuan and Qing are from reference[25]; D.Winter half year temperature change in easterncentral China east of 105#cod#x000b0;E, 25#cod#x000b0;~ 40#cod#x000b0;N revised on the basis of references[26, 27] 30 years resolution, the bars represent positive or negative anomaly relative to the average temperature in winter in 1951-1980, dotted line is filtering result for 60 years; E. The years of severe drought and flood per 50 years in easterncentral China east of 105#cod#x000b0;E, 25#cod#x000b0;~40#cod#x000b0;N since the Eastern Han DynastyThe lines are 100 years moving means for totalE, droughts E1 and floods E2, respectively