青藏高原水文模拟的现状及未来

王磊, 李秀萍, 周璟, 刘文彬, 阳坤

Hydrological modelling over the Tibetan Plateau: Current status and Perspective

Wang Lei, Li Xiuping, Zhou Jing, Liu Wenbin, Yang Kun

图1 多圈层水文模型WEBDHM的总体结构图（a）子流域划分;（b）遵循等流时线的概念,将子流域进一步划分为若干流段（flow interval）;（c）针对每个模型网格,利用子网格参数化计算每个模型网格的坡长和坡角;（d）针对每个模型网格,计算陆—气之间的水、热、CO 2 交换,从而得到垂向的土壤水分廓线及地表和植被截留,再利用子网格体系在坡面上计算产流（包含地表径流、壤中流、以及地下水径流3部分）。这里,每个流段的产流量是其包含的各网格的总产流,汇流过程则针对全流域的所有流段进行
Fig.1 Overall structure of multi-sphere hydrological model WEB-DHM aDivision of sub-basins;bFurther division of a sub-basin into several flow intervals following the concept of equal stream lines;cFor each model grid, slope length and slope angle are calculated with the sub-grid parameterization;dFor each model grid, the exchanges of water, energy, CO 2 between land and atmosphere are calculated, and thus get the vertical soil moisture profiles as well as the interceptions by canopy and ground. Finally, hillslope runoff including surface runoff, subsurface flow, and groundwater runoff is calculated using the sub-grid scheme. Here, the runoff of a flow interval is the total runoff of all model grids within the specified flow interval. Finally, the river routing is carried out for all the flow intervals within the whole basin