Based on the analysis on precipitation, water resources and its supply and consumption of China continent in 1999, the concepts of Potential and Practical Water Resources were put forward. The potential water resources (POWR) is the sum of liquid water yield of all forms in continent and the practical water resources (PRWR) is part of POWR which can be easily used. How to make the POWR mainly change into PRWR is the key problem in the strategies of water resources management. But in the dry region of northwest China, it is also important to find a suitable way to make more rainfall not evaporate but change into POWR. The analysis result demonstrates that POWR in China continent is rich but PRWR is poor. In the future, although the total water resources consumption will not increase greatly, the need for water quality is to be much higher. From the ecological viewpoint in water resources management, the paper studied the manipulating and control mechanism of different processes from precipitation to water resources consumption and discussed the four techniques of water resources management, that is, vegetation manipulation, reservoir control, underground water system conservation and water quality enhancement. In the end, the strategies of water resources management under ecological consideration for the different regions of China continent were approached.