This presentation is based on  “Key Processes and Sustainable Mechanisms of Ecosystem Food Production in the Coastal Ocean of China”,a project of the National Basic key Research Program. It recommends the important meaning of sustainable marine ecosystem studies to the Chinese social & technology development, research status and evolution trend, key scientific issues that need to be solved, expected aims, and implementation plan. Our goals of the study are to understand functions of services and food production in the Chinese coastal & shelf ecosystems from both anthropogenic forcing and natural changes, to evaluate quantificational carrying capacity of ecosystem and dynamics, to predict ecosystem carrying capacity and frangibility, and to seek a way of harmonious development between sustainable utilization and resources environment in the coastal ocean of China.