It is indicated that lipid biomarkers deeply widen the aspects of the past global change. Especially, the compound-specific carbon stable isotope technique has become a powerful tool for the reconstruction of the paleo-climate and paleo-environment during recent years. The recent progresses on the understanding of paleo-climate and paleo-environment using compound-specific carbon stable isotope as a proxy are reviewed in his paper. It is supported that the compositions of compound-specific carbon stable isotope of lipid can effectively track the sources of terrigenious organic debris in the marine and lake environment, understand the variation of C3 and C4 plants in the historical period, and reconstruct the regional paleo-climate and paleo-environment.