The marine area is a strategic area of China， and the building of a strong marine nation is an important part of the building of a world scientific and technological power. Adhering to the scientific and technological independence and self-improvement， and strengthening the marine national strategic scientific and technological power are an important means to promote the construction of a strong marine nation. This paper studies the development trend of first class scientific research institutions in the world's marine science and technology powers， analyzes China's construction layout of national scientific research institutions and scientific and technological innovation bases in the field of marine science， introduces the practice and experience of institutional reform and innovation in the field of marine science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences， and puts forward thoughts and suggestions on strengthening the national strategic scientific and technological strength in the marine field. To strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength in the marine field， we must focus on the most urgent and real national strategic needs， adhere to the concept of "doing something， leaving something"， make strategic layout in the key directions related to China's marine core interests， rely on forward-looking and strategic major scientific and technological projects， and give full play to the role of the state as the organizer of major scientific and technological innovation， so as to provide strong scientific and technological support for the construction of a maritime power.