Focusing on the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China “A study on retrieving key ecological parameters in mountainous regions by remote sensing methods and evaluating their spatio-temporal representativeness”, this paper introduced the project background, objectives, research status, the key scientific questions, main contents of the research, the overall methodology and the deliverables. Choosing different topographic gradient and vegetation background, this project will conduct researches on retrieving key ecological parameters such as LAI and NPP in mountainous areas, evaluating their spatio-temporal representativeness, analyzing the influence of complex terrain on remote sensing signals and the remote sensing products, and finally trying to make a breakthrough in the theory and methodology of ecological parameters retrieving in mountains area.