Advances in Earth Science ›› 2011, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (11): 1173-1190. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.11.1173

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Review of Porphyry Copper Deposit

Zhang Yunguo, Zhou Chaoxian   

  1. 1.China Geological Survey of Nonferrous Metal Resources, Beijing100012, China;2.Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources, Beijing100012, China
  • Received:2011-07-28 Revised:2011-09-19 Online:2011-11-10 Published:2011-11-10

Zhang Yunguo, Zhou Chaoxian. Review of Porphyry Copper Deposit[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2011, 26(11): 1173-1190.

Porphyry copper deposit as the largest source of Cu is one of the most important deposits in the world. Porphyry Copper Deposit not only occured in Circum-Pacific ore-forming region, but also occured in Tethys ore-forming region and Middle-Asian(Paleo-Asian Oceanic) oreforming region. The mineralization materials derived from the deep. Porphyry forms through four stages: “Oceanic Crust-Mantle Lava Flow”,“Original Magma”,“Shallow Ore Magma”,“Crystallization of Magma-Minerali-zation”. In the stage of “Original Magma”, much metallogenic materials and energy gather through the process of “MASH”. Ore-forming fluids are high-grade fliuds of gas-liquid phase, which are of fluid-rich, high temperature, high pressure, high salinity, strong oxidizing, high oxygen fugacity. The characteristics of ore-forming fluids are favorable for metallogenic materials to gather from magmas to fluids in the process of magma-hydrothermal separation. The copper is transported and migrated in form of Cl-complexes. With the ascent of ore-forming fluids, lowering of temperature and pressure is the main factors resulting in copper precipitation. The crystallization of magnetite resulting from lowering temperature and pressure provides much of S2- and  plays an important role in the formation of porphyry copper ore. From the inner to the outside, the alteration zones,in general,are composed of quartz zone,potassic zone,SCC zone and  argillic zone.The proposed genesis models which are commonly accepted,up to now, include the classical model, the system model and the model of polyphasal overprinting events.

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