Based on the summarizing of our recent research works in combination with other research results at home and aboard, the important branch of remote sensing geology──"remote sensing petrology", are put forward in this paper. Remote sensing petrology is an overlapping frontier subject, which is based on the theory of petrology, its main means is to obtain the data by use of remote sensing technique, and extract and distinguish the lithologic information,such as mineralogic component of rocks, rock types,the texture and structure of rocks, the spatial features of rock distribution and petrofaices variation etc.,integrated with the use of computer processing of remote sensing data. The author also briefly introduces the important contents of remote sensing petrology, which include the study on spectral features of rocks and minerals, the extracting and distinguishing the lithologic information by using airbrone and spacebrone remote sensing data. The future development of remote sensing petrology are described in the last part of this paper.