As a new research field of fluids-rock interaction, the thermal convection diagenesis is developing under the basis of basin-geofluids research. This paper introduces the condition and geological settings for the thermal convection diagenesis taking place, points out that the places around igneous intrusions or around salt domes or active faults are subjected to diagenetic reaction. The authors comprehensively discuss the lithologic records of thermal convection caused by magma activity, including thermal contact metamorphic rock, thermal alterated rock, the authigenic minerals assemblages of temperature suddenly increasing-temperature gradually decreasing, relatively higher temperature authigenic minerals,analyses the importance of the K/Ar age of authigenic illite in the research of thermal convection diagenesis. The authors also emphases the significance of thermal convection diagenesis research in the field of basin dynamics, the reservoir of sandstone and migration of petroleum.