Advances in Earth Science ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1011-1024. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.09.1011

• Orginal Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Metallogenic Regulations, Controlling Factors, and Evolutions of Iron Oxide Copper and Gold Deposits in Chile

Weixuan Fang( ), Jianxu Li   

  1. Beijing Mineral and Geology Institute, Beijing 100012
  • Received:2014-05-15 Revised:2014-08-25 Online:2014-09-10 Published:2014-09-10

Weixuan Fang, Jianxu Li. Metallogenic Regulations, Controlling Factors, and Evolutions of Iron Oxide Copper and Gold Deposits in Chile[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2014, 29(9): 1011-1024.

The Mesozoic metallogenic belt of iron-oxide copper and gold (IOCG) deposits is located at the Coastal Cordillera Range in Northern Chile. IOCG system, porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au-Ag systems consist of co-associations of metallogenic system on the Andean-type active continental margin. However, metallogenic ages of IOCG deposits may be classified into three main groups from 175.6~141 Ma BP, 140~100 Ma BP, and 99~66 Ma BP. IOCG deposits are located at front-arc basin, main arc zone, and back-arc basin, whereas the Cretaceous porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au-Ag systems, as a pair of the IOCG system, are located at the deformation of the main arc zone and the back-arc basin. After reviews on the study and exploration achievement for IOCG deposits, it may be considered that the end member of the Chilean IOCG deposits might have been formed by eruption of the Fe-rich magma, mixing of magmatic and basin-fluids, and magmatic fluids. The Jurassic-Cretaceous front-arc basin, main arc zone, and back-arc basin may be the fifth-order tectonic unit for the location-controlling tectonics of IOCG deposits during evolutions of the Andean-type active continental margin. The Andean continental margin might have changed from extensional realm into strike-slip transpression realm after inversion by the end of the Late Cretaceous time. At the same time, Acatama fault system (AFZ) were onset paralleling to the main arc zone. Therefore, all of them, the front-arc and back-basin, and main arc zone, were undergone their deformation by AFZ activity as well as syntectonic magmatic intrusions. Magmatic intrusion of the Jurassic-Cretaceous main arc zone was aborted, and the Late Cretaceous magmatic intrusions were east-directed migration. Simultaneously, superimposing system of IOCG deposits might form in the deformations of the main arc and back-arc basin by different superimposing degrees of tectonic deformation and magmatic intrusion during their inversion processes. Moreover, porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au-Ag systems, as pairs of the metallogenic zones at the east part of the IOCG system, were formed in the calc-alkaline magmatic zone. It suggested that the relationships among the Fe-rich basic to ultrabasic rocks, IOCG deposits and porphyry Cu-Au deposits related to dynamics for tectonic deformation of the back-arc basin should be focused on the study in the future.

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