The end-Permian mass extinction was the biggest catastrophe during the Phanerozoic history, which induced the great transition of marine ecosystem from articulated brachiopod-dominated Paleozoic Fauna to bivalves-dominated Mesozoic Fauna. The complete end-Permian to Lower Triassic successions with abundant bivalve fossils enhance our further understanding of the evolution of bivalves and benthic ecosystems during this period. The advances in the studies of bivalves from various areas including South China, Southern Alps, Pakistan and West USA, and the Early Triassic bivalve assemblages and evolution are reviewed and summarized. The Pteria ussurica variabilis-Towapteria scythica assemblage zone is the earliest Triassic bivalve assemblage in the aftermath of the endPermian mass extinction, which could be correlated through Southern Alps, Kashmir, and northern Vietnam. The Claraia-dominated and Eumorphotis-dominated assemblages distributed globally during the Griesbachian to Smithian, but there was no distinctive bivalve zones which occurred in Spathian. Bivalves suffered two-phased extinction pattern during the Permian-Triassic crisis, and showed a delayed recovery until the Anisian in Middle Triassic. During the Early Triassic, disaster and opportunistic bivalve taxa dominated the benthic ecosystems with low-complexity and low-diversity.