There are interactions between land surface and atmosphere. Not only land surface condition response to atmospheric/climate changes, but also land processes and land parameters such as DEM, vegetation fraction, land cover distribution, soil texture distribution, soil hydraulic and thermal parameters play an important role in atmospheric changes. Strong heterogeneity exists in the Northwest China. It is sensitive and frail for water resources variation and climate change. The inner-land watersheds are formed lined by water flow with multilayer nature landscape coexisting because of the topography roll there. Snow cover and permafrost exist in the mountainous regions in the upper reaches. Forests and oases lay in the middle reaches and Gobi/desert in the downstream. It provides the right place for mass and energy interaction study between land surface and atmosphere. There are several questions that need more studies. Water cycling, interaction between snow/freezing soil and atmosphere, precipitation downscaling, influence of land cover/use caused by human activity and nature change on atmosphere and scaling issue are discussed. It is pointed out that how to link the atmosphere model with coarse resolution and the middle/micro scale processes over land surface to establish the two-way coupling model is the main purpose in the future. Not only the impact of climate change on land water resources and ecosystem, but also the influence of land surface processes on atmosphere could be studied using the new established model. Therefore, the water cycle process and driving mechanism over the whole Heihe River Basin could be studied, which provide theoretical base for water resources management.