Rock mass seismic failure is the radical cause bringing on serious seismic geological hazards and secondary disasters in meizoseismal area. The transportation structures damaged or interrupted by earthquakes and secondary hazards such as landslides, rock avalanche, debris flow and barrier lakes, etc. resulted from rock mass seismic failure not only aggravated the disaster losses, but also left much hidden safety problems to the recovery and reconstruction and outward transportation facilities of earthquake areas. Some research achievements on rock mass seismic failure were thoroughly summarized from the different perspectives on levels of rock mass stability, mountain mass stability and regional stability respectively. The state of the art and concerned problems were analyzed. The systematic frame of rock mass seismic dynamical failure was established. The main problems and directions were brought forward with the combination of the discussions on present research ideas and methods in order to clarify the concept and systematize the ideas to provide helpful reference to further researches.