This paper summarizes the major achievements and progresses in three research projects including the Gansu province′s Key Project “Study of the impact of climate warming on the arid ecological environment in Gansu”. The study revealed the characteristics of modern climate changes, which is warming in winters and dry in summers. The characteristics of the impact of climate change on overwinter crops (winter wheat, rapeseed), cool temperature-philic crops (spring wheat, potato, flax) and tropical crops (corn, cotton, wine grape) in growth and development, planting area and suitable planting altitude, and yield and quality were analyzed systematically. It showed that the crop planting was seriously influenced by modern climate change and the safe crop production and sustainable development were threatened in Gansu province. The results will provide scientific guidance for the establishment of modern agricultural models, arid agricultural production mechanism and the safety of crop production in this region.