The synthesis report, ecosystems and human well-being: wetlands and water, was briefly introduced in this paper. This report indicates: ①The global extent of wetlands is estimated to be in excess of 1.28×109hm2, but it is well established that this is a clear underestimate, especially for the Neotropics and for certain wetland types where data were incomplete or not readily accessible. In the MA scenarios, the degradation of wetlands is expected to increase through 2050 under the reactive Global Orchestration and Order from Strength scenarios but to be relatively unchanged in 2050 under the proactive TechnoGarden and Adapting Mosaic scenarios. Wetland ecosystem provide many services that contribute to human well-being and poverty alleviation. Some groups of people, particularly those living near wetlands, are highly dependent on these services and are directly harmed by their degradation. For the sustainable use of wetlands, economic, governance and institutional responses are required to maintain the ecological character of the wetland, and to mitigate and reverse their current loss and degradation trends. In addition, other indirect and direct drivers of change are also need to be addressed to ensure relevant responses to be sustainable or sufficient.