Studies show antimony as lead and mercury is a global toxic element that can be transported far away, but it only recently arouses attentions. Compared with other metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic, much less has been done on antimony. Systematic studies are urgently needed to disclose the global pollution level, cycling processes and ecological environment effects of antimony. Knowledge about biogeochemical cycle and environmental effect of antimony are summarized, and the scientific problems are analyzed. The direction and method for future antimony study are also suggested. The district in the Southwest of China is a good place to study the biogeochemical cycle and environmental effect of antimony, and this study will be of great importance.