The backscattering coefficient on typical surface features such as, frozen soil, maize, etc. was measured by S and C bands FM-CW standard ground-based microwave scatterometer under the different time and different wave band and different polarized condition. The experiment and the measuring technique in detail are introduced. According to different scattering mechanisms, features are divided into two categories: Surface scattering and volume scattering. Scattering characteristics under the different time and different wave band and different polarized condition and the reasons for these differences are analyzed. Combining with the corresponding features scattering model, a quantitative study of a function between the backscattering coefficient and surface parameters is made. Different surface parameters of features by inversion are obtained. A variety of Influencing factors by comparing the measured dates.