The five central Asian countries own many trans-boundary rivers, which make the water resources development and utilization become very complicated, and which bring about serious ecological problems caused by large scale disordered exploitation of water-soil resources. Therefore, by reviewing the corporation and conflict during the process of development and utilization, it has significant theory and practical value to seek the method to solve the water resources problems in five central Asian countries. The paper introduces the river system and run-off amount of trans-boundary rivers in five central Asian countries in brief, elaborates the state quo of water resources development and utilization in main trans-boundary river basin, and analyzes the water intake amount from trans-boundary river and irrigation water capacity development relationship, the water resources crisis and ecological crisis, conflict and corporation of trans-boundary river in detail. On the basis of revealing the cause of crisis of the rivers of five central Asian countries, it gives an analysis of water resources conflicts and the ecological crisis development tendency of trans-boundary river, and discusses the main measures for the development and utilization of water resources in five central Asian countries.