Land surface processes and atmospheric boundary layer in arid regions in China as a key physical process are not only closely related with the regional climate, ecology, water resource, but also have impact on the pattern of China climate and Eastern-Asian atmospheric circulation. In recent years, many researches about the issues have been done, and a lot of progresses have been obtained. In this paper, the several aspects of research progresses, including thermodynamic and hydrological characteristics of surface land processes in arid regions, structure of atmospheric boundary layer in arid regions, parameters and parameterization of surface land processes in arid regions, theory of atmospheric boundary layer of heterogeneous underlying surface, the characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer and pollutant mechanism of a arid valley city, etc.  have been summarized and concluded. And the present scientific problems and the future important scientific points are discussed.