Western China exploitation strategy is one of the most important decisions of ensuring the sustainable development of our country. Because of the special natural and historical conditions in western China, the paper suggests that western exploration must be done in the precondition of reasonable and sustainable planning. The authors introduce landscape ecology construction theory, together with ecosystem health and ecological risk estimation into planning. The paper also suggests using“scenarios study”to provide optional methods for planners. At the end of this paper, the authors suggest to do some research work in many special areas.