The regularities and causse of the earth environmental changes for past 2000 years are one of the major contents of the global change research. Compared with the other natural records, the lake sediments have the advantages of abundant information reserved, higher time solution and extensive geographic coverage. The studies on the Holocene lake sediments in respect to climatic and environmental changes have been carried on in China since 1980s, and are developing quickly now. As to the high-solution studies on lake sediments for past 2000 years, great attention should be paid to the several problems: (1)Improving the precision of nuclear dating technique;(2)Setting up the transfer function of the environmental proxies;(3)Understanding the early chemical diagenisis of the sediments;(4)Choosing stratified lakes and varved sediments;(5)Approaching the effective proxies for climatic elements;(6)Distinguishing the impact from human activities;and (7)Strenthing the spatial and temperal comparative studies.