简缩极化GNSS-ReSAR陆面遥感技术研究

吴学睿

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.078

地球科学进展 >

2025 , Vol. 40 >Issue 9: 902 - 915

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.078

研究论文

简缩极化GNSS-ReSAR陆面遥感技术研究

吴学睿

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中国科学院上海天文台，天文地球动力学研究中心，上海 200030

吴学睿，主要从事GNSS-R和SoOP-R遥感研究. E-mail: xrwu@shao.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2025-06-30

修回日期: 2025-08-28

网络出版日期: 2025-10-31

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFB3910001);国家自然科学基金项目(42061057)

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Simplified Polarized GNSS-ReSAR Land Surface Remote Sensing Technology

Xuerui WU

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Center for Astro-geodynamics Research, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China

WU Xuerui, research areas include GNSS-R/SoOP-R modeling and geophyscial parameters retrieval. E-mail: xrwu@shao.ac.cn

Received date: 2025-06-30

Revised date: 2025-08-28

Online published: 2025-10-31

Supported by

the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3910001);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42061057)

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摘要

全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术是一种通过解析导航卫星反射信号实现地表参数反演的有效对地观测手段。已有研究表明，传统全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术系统主要采用单一极化配置（右旋圆极化发射与左旋圆极化接收，简称LR极化），对其他极化组合的散射特性研究相对薄弱。随着技术进步，采用右旋圆极化天线接收地表反射信号的方案逐渐受到重视。同时，传统全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术的时延—多普勒图处理模式在不同观测几何条件下对散射特征的利用效率较低。在此背景下，发展能够跨几何构型有效接收地表散射信号的全球导航卫星系统合成孔径雷达（GNSS-SAR）技术成为具有潜力的研究方向。通过聚焦简缩极化全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术与合成孔径雷达融合技术的遥感探索，基于西班牙机载全球导航卫星系统反射计（GLORI）实验获取的双极化［RR（右旋圆极化发射与右旋圆极化接收）］数据开展了土壤水分反演研究，并同步利用中国天目商业卫星的双极化全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术数据进行对比验证。实验表明，RR极化反射率较LR极化低约10 dB，但基于两种极化反演的土壤水分精度具有可比性。受限于简缩极化数据获取能力，采用基于辐射传输理论构建的LAGRS模型解析简缩极化的其他散射特性。通过系统分析合成孔径雷达融合技术模式的散射机制与发展趋势，在一定程度上为新一代全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术技术演进提供了理论参考。

关键词： 全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术; 简缩极化; 时延—多普勒图; 合成孔径雷达

本文引用格式

吴学睿 . 简缩极化GNSS-ReSAR陆面遥感技术研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2025 , 40(9) : 902 -915 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.078

Abstract

Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is an effective Earth observation method that analyzes navigation satellite reflection signals to invert surface parameters. Historical research has shown that traditional GNSS-R systems primarily adopt a single-polarization configuration (Right-Handed Circularly Polarized (RHCP) transmission and Left-Handed Circularly Polarized (LHCP) reception, hereinafter referred to as LR polarization). With the advancement of technology, the use of RHCP antennas to receive surface-reflected signals has gained attention. The traditional Delay-Doppler Map (DDM) processing mode of GNSS-R has low efficiency in utilizing scattering features under different observation geometries. In this context, the development of GNSS-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GNSS-SAR) technology that can effectively receive surface scattering signals across geometric configurations has become a promising research direction. This study focuses on remote sensing exploration of the fusion technology of reduced polarization GNSS-R and synthetic aperture radar (GNSS ReSAR: GNSS Reflectometry and Synthetic Aperture Radar). Based on dual-polarization (LR and RR) data obtained from the Spanish airborne GLORI experiment, soil moisture inversion research was conducted. Dual-polarization GNSS-R data from the Chinese Tianmu (TM) commercial satellite were synchronously used for comparative verification. Both experiments consistently showed that the reflectance of the RR polarization was approximately 10 dB lower than that of the LR polarization, but the accuracy of soil moisture inversion based on the two polarizations was comparable. Because of the limited ability to obtain simplified polarization data, this study used the Land Surface GNSS Reflection Simulator (LAGRS) model, constructed based on radiative transfer theory, to analyze other scattering characteristics of simplified polarization. A systematic analysis of the scattering mechanism and development trend of the GNSS ReSAR mode provides a theoretical reference for the evolution of new-generation GNSS-R technology to a certain extent.

Key words： Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R); Hybrid Compact Polari metry; Delay Doppler Map (DDM); Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR).

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