认识区域大气花粉组成及其形成条件有利于明确不同类型花粉组合的气候与环境意义。 利用布卡大气花粉采样器在珠穆朗玛峰北坡开展了连续2 年（2012—2013 年）的大气花粉观测研 究。基于后向轨迹和潜在来源区域模型，探讨了占秋季主要组分的桤木属花粉传输路径与潜在来 源区域，分析了桤木属花粉与其植物分布和大气环流的关系及气候指示意义。结果显示：①桤木 属花粉季气团传输路径主要来自于采样点西南方向；②桤木属花粉潜在来源区域与其气团传输路 径基本一致，主要是喜马拉雅山脉中段，包括尼泊尔中部和东部以及西藏南部等地区；③桤木属花 粉数量、传输路径和来源区域的年际变化与大气环流有关，受高空西风影响的西南气团对桤木属 花粉影响更大。研究结果可以为认识珠穆朗玛峰北坡外来花粉的气候意义提供科学依据。

Abstract：Understanding the composition and formation conditions of regional airborne pollen is helpful to clarify the environmental significance of different pollen assemblages. The Burkard pollen trap was used to observe airborne pollen on the northern slope of Mount Qomolangma for two consecutive years (2012 and 2013). Based on backward air mass trajectory model and source receptor models, the pathway and potential source of Alnus pollen which is the main component in autumn were discussed. The relationship between Alnus pollen and plant distribution and atmospheric circulation were analyzed as well as its environmental significance. Three main results were obtained. First, the air mass transport pathway during Alnus pollen season mainly came from the southwest direction of the sampling site. Second, the potential source area of Alnus pollen was mainly located in the middle Himalaya region including central and eastern Nepal, southern Tibet, etc, which is basically corresponded with the main air mass transport pathway. Third, the interannual changes of Alnus pollen quantity, transport pathway and potential source area may be related to atmospheric circulation. The southwest air mass influenced by upper westerly had a stronger influence on Alnus pollen. The results provide foundational insights into the climatic significance of exotic pollen on the northern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma region.