农田生态系统养分迁移转化与优化管理研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.03.0441

地球科学进展 ›› 2002, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (3): 441 -445. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.03.0441

农田生态系统养分迁移转化与优化管理研究

杨林章 ¹，孙波 ¹，刘健 ²

1.中国科学院南京土壤研究所，南京 210008；2.中国科学院资源环境科学与技术局，北京 100864

收稿日期:2001-02-04 修回日期:2001-04-25 出版日期:2002-12-20
通讯作者: 杨林章（1958），男，江苏省靖江市人，研究员，主要从事土壤生态系统中营养物质循环及其环境效应、农业生产活动对农村生态环境的影响、长江流域农业发展模式等的研究.E-mail: lzyang@issas.ac.cn E-mail:lzyang@issas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目（KZCX2-413）资助.

PROGRESS IN TRANSLOCATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF NUTRIENTS IN AGROECOSYSTEMS AND ITS OPTIMIZED MANAGEMENT

YANG Lin-zhang ¹， SUN Bo ¹， LIU Jian ²

1.Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. Bureau of Resources and Environmental Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China

Received:2001-02-04 Revised:2001-04-25 Online:2002-12-20 Published:2002-06-01

从生态环境质量的角度，综述了农田生态系统养分的迁移转化和循环研究的进展，同时从社会科学的角度分析了国家政策和农民施肥行为的影响。分析表明以往国内的研究需要加强农田生态环境效应的研究，进一步明确农田生态系统 N、P、K的迁移通量及其估算方法，建立计算养分损失的模型及相关参数，特别需要研究国家相关政策和农民的施肥行为等对肥料生产、使用与管理的影响，并提出相关政策建议和措施示范。

关键词: 养分, 迁移, 转化, 优化管理, 环境, 农田生态系统

From the viewpoint of eco-environmental quality, the progress in research on the translocation, transformation and cycle of nutrients in agroecosystems is reviewed. So do the effect of governmental policy and farmer behavior. The cycle of nutrients (C, N, P, S) and its environmental effect has received more attention, and the relative networks at national scale have been set up monitoring and study the above processes. One hot point in recent research is building nonpoint models and integrating them into GIS to quantitate the nutrients loss, and at the same time take into account the effects of change in policy, institution and farmer production. The problems facing to the sustainable development of agriculture in China include mainly arable land reduction, soil quality degradation, and expanded non-point pollution caused by huge input of chemical fertilizer. The domestic research of nutrient cycling in agroecosystems needs strengthening in the field of eco-environmental effect. The problems should be paid attention to, in the near future, the quantity of translocation flux of nutrients and its estimation methods, the models for calculating the loss of nutrients and the relative parameters, especially the effect of governmental policy and farmer behavior on the production, utilization and management. At the end, the policy and optimized management measures were given in this paper. According to the advances in research and the national demand to solve the problems in agriculture and environment, a project was launched by Chinese Academy of Sciences to study the translocation and transformation of nutrients in the key agroecosystems and its optimized management, which is conducted relying on Chinese Ecological Research Network (CERN). 

Key words: Agroecosystems, Environment, Nutrients, Translocation, Transformation, Optimized management

中图分类号:

S181

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