地球科学进展 ›› 2006, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 599 -604. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.06.0599

学术论文 上一篇    下一篇

澳门噪音污染损害价值的条件估值研究
李金平,王志石   
  1. 澳门大学科技学院,澳门特别行政区
  • 收稿日期:2004-07-06 修回日期:2006-02-12 出版日期:2006-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 李金平 E-mail:ali1964@yahoo.com
  • 基金资助:

    澳门科学技术协进会资助.

Evaluation of the Loses of Noise Pollution in Macao with Contingent Valuation Method

Li Jinping,Wang Zhishi   

  1. The Faculty of Science and Technology, Macau University, Macao
  • Received:2004-07-06 Revised:2006-02-12 Online:2006-06-15 Published:2006-06-15

条件价值评估法(Contingent Valuation Method, CVM)是评估环境污染的经济损失价值的有效方法之一。在CVM研究方法发展的同时,应用范围亦不断扩大。本次调查通过询问人们对环境质量改善的支付意愿(Willingness To Pay, WTP)或忍受环境损失的受偿意愿(Willingness To Accept, WTA),探求澳门噪音污染的损害程度,为政府部门提供决策依据。试验以等距离随机抽样法访问了1 920人,回收样本956个。本研究对研究方法作了一些新的尝试:①对调查的误差进行了统计学分析;②在假设受访者是诚实和有信用的前提下,问卷采用双向投标卡博弈的问卷设计,对受访者同时进行WTA和WTP之引导试验,减少分开调查时可能出现的策略性偏差;③对影响噪音污染意愿调查结果的9项因素进行了统计学分析, 给出了回归方程。研究结果显示, 被访者的月收入、家庭规模和对噪音的关注程度影响其支付意愿和受偿意愿。2003年澳门噪音污染的年经济损失(以WTP方法试验的结果, 得到澳门噪音污染的最小损害)为5.32亿MOP/a(MOP为澳门元, 1美元=8.033MOP); 以WTA方法试验的结果,得到澳门噪音污染的最大损害为10.6亿MOP/a; 如果取CVM之中值,估算出澳门噪音污染的年损害值为7.98亿MOP/a。还对WTP与WTA之间的差异原因进行了讨论。

   The contingent valuation method (CVM) is a simple, flexible non-market valuation method that is widely used in cost benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment. However, this method is subject to severe criticism. The criticism revolves mainly around two aspects, namely, the validity and the reliability of the results, and the effects of various biases and errors. The research used two-way bidding gaming methods by asking residents questions about the noise pollution through telephone, and by analyzing the residents' willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA) to imitate market process. The returned 956 effective samples out of total 1920 surveyed samples were calculated with SPSS to estimate the value losses of the noise pollution in Macao. The result indicated that the residents' WTP and WTA for noise pollution was about 128.98 MOP (The currency money in Macao, 1 USD = 8.033 MOP), 257.78 MOP per capita per month for every adult, and the total economic losses of the noise pollution was between 773.7~825.7 million MOP per year.
    It was clear that there existed a disparity between WTP and WTA and this disparity was influenced by many different factors such as income effect, substitution effect, transaction costs, and broad based preferences. According to literature, the disparity between WTP and WTA for a same commodity ranges from a low of 2.4 times to a maximum of 61 times. In our research, the disparity was only 2 times. Our research designed to ask the same individual WTA and WTP was an accepted good idea to reduce the bias. The noise pollution was a serious environmental problem in Macao. Some factors would bear significant influence on WTP and WTA values, which were income, person numbers of the family and the interest to noise pollution. Some shortcomings and advantages in the application of CVM were discussed at the end of the paper.

中图分类号: 

[1] Venkatachalam L. The contingent valuation method: A review[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2004,24(1): 89-124.

[2] Xu Zhongmin, Zhang Zhiqing, Cheng Guodong. The Theories and Methods of Ecosystem Economics and Its Application[M]. Zhengzhou: The Yellow River Conservancy Publisher, 2003:145-195.[徐中民,张志强,程国栋.生态经济学理论方法与应用[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2003:145-195.]

[3] Smith K V. Nonmarket valuation of environmental resources: An interpretative appraisal[J]. Land Economic,1993, 69:1-26.

[4] Kealy M J, Montgomery M, Dovidio J F. Reliability and predictive validity of contingent values: Does the nature of the good matter? [J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1990, 19:244-263.

[5] Shogren J F, Shin S Y, Hayes D J, et al. Resolving differences in willingness to pay and willingness to accept[J]. American Economic Review, 1994, 84:255-269.

[6] Diamond P A,Hausman J A. On contingent valuation measurement of non-use values[C]Hausman J A, ed. Contingent Valuation: A Critical Assessment. Amsterdam: North Holland,1993: 3-38.

[7] Brown T C,Gregory R. Why the WTA WTP disparity matters[J]. Ecological Economic,1999,28:323-335.

[8] Xue Dayuan. Valuation on nonuse values of biodiversity by contingent valuation method in Changbai mountain biosphere reserve in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2000, 20(2):141-145.[薛达元.长白山自然保护区生物多样性非使用价值评估[J].中国环境科学,2000,20(2):141-145.]

[9] Zhang Zhiqing,Xu Zhongmin,Cheng Guodong,et al. The contingent valuation of the economic benefits of restoring the ecosystem services of Zhangye prefecture of Heihe river basin[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2002, 22(6):885-893.[张志强,徐中民,程国栋,.黑河流域张掖地区生态系统服务恢复的条件价值评估[J].生态学报,2002,22(6):885-893.]

[10] Yang Kaizhong, Bai Mo, Li Ying, et al. The feasibility of contingent valuation method in economic valuation of environment in China: A case study of the residents’ willingness to pay in Beijing[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2002, 17(3):420-425. [杨开忠,白墨,李莹,.关于意愿调查评估法在我国环境领域应用的可行性探讨——以北京市居民支付意愿研究为例[J].地球科学进展, 2002,17(3): 420-425.]

[11] Cui Lijuan. Assessment on Zhalong wetland value[J]. Journal of Natural Resource,2002,17(4):451-456. [崔丽娟.扎龙湿地价值货币化评价[J].自然资源学报, 2002,17(4):451-456.]

[12] The Environment Council of Macao Special Administrative Region. The Report of the Environment Condition in 2003[R]. Macao:Top Design Advertising Company, 2003.[澳门特别行政区政府环境委员会.澳门环境状况报告2003[R].澳门二度空间广告制作有限公司,2003.]

[13] Sun Jialin. The Statistic Elements [M]. Shanghai: Lixin Accounting Press, 1999:65-67.[孙家麟.统计基础[M].上海:立信会计出版社,1999:65-67.]

[14] Ma Qingguo. Management Statistics[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2002:261-307.[马庆国.管理统计[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:261-307.]

 

[1] 王丽,陈尚,任大川,柯淑云,李京梅,王栋. 基于条件价值法评估罗源湾海洋生物多样性维持服务价值[J]. 地球科学进展, 2010, 25(8): 886-892.
[2] 金建君,王志石. 条件价值法在澳门固体废弃物管理经济价值评估中的比较研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(6): 605-609.
[3] 李金平,王志石. 空气污染损害价值的WTP、WTA对比研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(03): 250-255.
[4] 张志强,徐中民,程国栋. 条件价值评估法的发展与应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(3): 454-463.
[5] 杨开忠,白墨,李莹,薛领,王学军. 关于意愿调查价值评估法在我国环境领域应用的可行性探讨——以北京市居民支付意愿研究为例[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(3): 420-425.
阅读次数
全文


摘要