地球科学进展 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (9): 961 -969. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.09.0961

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

撞击地层学及其研究进展
张华   
  1. 中国科学院南京地质与古生物研究所,江苏 南京 210008
  • 收稿日期:2005-03-08 修回日期:2005-05-10 出版日期:2005-09-25
  • 基金资助:

    科技部重大基础研究前期研究专项“天体生物学的古生物学途径”(编号:2002CCA03300);国家自然科学基金委员会优秀创新群体项目“晚古生代东特提斯生物与环境演化过程”(编号:40321202);国家杰出青年基金项目“华南扬子区和古特提斯洋南缘二叠纪地层、地质事件与环境演变研究”(编号:40225005)资助.

IMPACT STRATIGRAPHY—AN INTRODUCTION

ZHANG Hua   

  1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
  • Received:2005-03-08 Revised:2005-05-10 Online:2005-09-25 Published:2005-09-25

地质历史中的地外物体撞击地球事件可在撞击点、近源区和远源区分别形成撞击坑熔融岩体、近源溅射岩席及海啸沉积和远源溅射层等一系列撞击地层层序。撞击地层有其独特的物理学和化学特征,与正常沉积作用、火山喷发和板块碰撞等成因的地层显然有别。通过对撞击地层层序的时空变化、所包含的撞击成因矿物、撞击微球粒和微玻璃陨石以及古生物和地球化学异常等的研究,可以了解撞击事件的发生频率、幅度和撞击天体的性质等,也为探索生物和地球环境的灾难性变化及其起因提供了新的思路。

Extraterrestrial impact events can produce an impact stratigraphical sequence consisting of impact melt-sheet in crater, proximal ejecta-blanket and tsunami nearby crater, and distal ejecta layer in distal sites. Physical and chemical features of impact-generated strata are different from those of sedimentary and volcanic origins. Studies on impact-related minerals, geochemical anomalies, impact microspherules and microtektites enable us to define frequencies, magnitudes and types of impact bodies of extraterrestrial impact events. Impact layers and ejectas may not only provide distinct event markers in high-resolution stratigraphical correlation, but also potential interpretations for the catastrophic changes and their causes of life and global environment.

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