地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 286 -296. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.024

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

中国 20202030年石油资源需求情景预测
郑明贵 1, 2( ),李期 1   
  1. 1.江西理工大学 矿业贸易与投资研究中心,江西 赣州 341000
    2.中国科学技术大学 管理学院,安徽 合肥 230026
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-24 修回日期:2020-02-09 出版日期:2020-03-10
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国战略性矿产资源国家安全评估与预警系统研究”(2020-2050┫┣18AGL002);国家自然科学基金重点项目“大数据环境下的评价理论、方法和应用”(71631006)

Scenario Prediction of China’s Oil Resource Demand in 2020-2030

Minggui Zheng 1, 2( ),Qi Li 1   

  1. 1.Research Center of Mining Trade & Investment, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000,China
    2.The School of Management,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China
  • Received:2019-10-24 Revised:2020-02-09 Online:2020-03-10 Published:2020-04-10
  • About author:Zheng Minggui (1978-), male, Yingshang City, Anhui Province, Professor. Research areas include resource economy and management. E-mail: mgz268@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Social Science Foundation of China “Research on national security evaluation and early warning system of China’s strategic mineral resources(2020-2050┫” ┣18AGL002);“Evaluation theory, method and application in big data environment”(71631006)

石油对保障国家能源安全发挥着重要作用,科学预测未来中国石油需求量,对中国能源政策制定具有重要意义。结合灰色关联分析与ARIMA-BP神经网络组合模型,选取1999—2018年中国GDP、国际石油价格、单位GDP能耗、产业结构、城镇化率和石油生产量等6个驱动变量数据,对中国2020—2030年石油需求进行情景预测。结果表明:选取的驱动变量与中国石油需求具有较高的关联性,且组合模型较单一模型预测精度高。2020—2030年中国石油需求量和进口量不断增加,但增长幅度逐渐减缓。3种情景下2020年、2025年和2030年预测的石油需求量均值分别为67 577.03万t、73 227.25万t和76 081.55万t;2020—2030年预测的平均对外依存度为76.19%,远超过50%的国际警戒线。中国石油供需矛盾将更加尖锐,据此提出针对性的政策建议。

Oil plays an important role in ensuring national energy security. It is of great significance for China’s energy policy-making to predict the future oil demand scientifically. Combined with the grey correlation analysis and combination model of ARIMA-BP neural network, data on six driving variables of China’s GDP, international oil price, energy consumption per unit GDP, industrial structure, urbanization rate and oil production in 1999-2018 were selected to predict China’s oil demand under different scenarios in 2020-2030. The results show that the selected driving variables are highly correlated with China’s oil demand, and the combined model is more accurate than the single model. From 2020 to 2030, China’s oil demand and import will continue to increase, but the growth rate will gradually slow down. Under the three scenarios, the predicted average oil demand in 2020, 2025 and 2030 will be 675.7703 million tons, 732.2725 million tons and 760.8155 million tons, respectively; the predicted average external dependence in 2020-2030 will be 76.19%, far exceeding the international warning line of 50%. The contradiction between China’s oil supply and demand will be more acute, and accordingly, some policy suggestions were put forward.

中图分类号: 

表1 中国石油需求量、进口量及影响因素原始数据( 19992018年)
Table 1 Raw data of China’s oil demand, imports and influencing factors1999-2018
表2 中国石油需求驱动变量分析结果
Table 2 Analysis results of China’s oil demand driven variables
表3 石油需求量 ADF检验结果
Table 3 Oil demand ADF test results
图1 中国石油需求量ACF检验
Fig.1 China’s oil demand ACF test
图2 中国石油需求量PACF检验
Fig.2 China’s oil demand PACF inspection
图3 ARIMA模型参数
Fig.3 ARIMA model parameters
图4 ARIMA(5,1,0)模型预测拟合图
Fig.4 ARIMA (5,1,0) model prediction fit map
图5 BP神经网络训练结果
Fig.5 BP neural network training result
图6 BP神经网络石油需求预测
Fig.6 BP neural network oil demand forecast
图7 3种模型预测相对误差
Fig.7 Three models predict relative error
表4 中国 GDP 20202030年情景设置
Table 4 China GDP 2020-2030 scenario setting
表5 19992018年国际石油价格增长率
Table 5 International oil price growth rate from 1999 to 2018
表6 国际石油价格 20202030年情景设置
Table 6 International oil prices 2020-2030 scenario settings
表7 中国能源消费总量 20202030年情景设置
Table 7 China’s total energy consumption 2020-2030 scenario setting
表8 中国单位 GDP能耗 20202030年情景设置(吨标准煤 /万元)
Table 8 China’s unit GDP energy consumption 2020-2030 scenario settingTons of standard coal equivalent/104 Yuan
表9 中国产业结构 20202030年情景设置
Table 9 China’s industrial structure 2020-2030 scenario setting
表10 中国城镇化率 20202030年情景设置
Table 10 China urbanization rate 2020-2030 scenario setting
表11 19992018年中国石油生产量平均增长率
Table 11 Average growth rate of China's oil production in 1999-2018
表12 中国 20202030年石油生产量情景设置
Table 12 China's 2020-2030 oil production scenario setting
表13 ARIMA误差预测 20202030年情景设置(万 t
Table 13 ARIMA error prediction 2020-2030 scenario settings( 104 t)
表14 20202030年中国石油需求情景
Table 14 China's oil demand scenario for 2020-2030
表15 预测结果与 IEAEIA预测结果比较分析
Table 15 Forecasting results compared with the IEA and the EIA
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