海洋环境中铁的来源、微生物作用过程及生态效应

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.05.0513

地球科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 513 -522. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.05.0513

冯世博 ¹(

),姜玥璐 ²,蔡中华 ²,曾艳华 ²,周进 ²(

)

1. 清华大学环境学院，北京100084
2. 清华大学深圳研究生院海洋科学与技术学部，广东深圳 518055

收稿日期:2018-09-11 修回日期:2019-01-27 出版日期:2019-05-10
通讯作者: 周进 E-mail:fsb17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn;zhou.jin@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“QS信号介导的菌群行为对藻类生消的调节”(编号：41476092)

The State of Arts: Sources, Microbial Processes and Ecological Effects of Iron in the Marine Environment

Shibo Feng ¹( ),Yuelu Jiang ²,Zhonghua Cai ²,Yanhua Zeng ²,Jin Zhou ²( )

1. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 China
2. Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055 China

Received:2018-09-11 Revised:2019-01-27 Online:2019-05-10 Published:2019-07-04
Contact: Jin Zhou E-mail:fsb17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn;zhou.jin@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn
About author:Feng Shibo(1994-), male, Dingzhou City, Hebei Province, Master student. Research areas include marine microbial ecology.E-mail: fsb17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Regulation of quorum sensing mediated colony behavior on algae production and elimination”(No. 41476092)

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铁在地壳中的含量位列第四，在海洋中常以微量元素的身份出现。铁拥有多变的价态和多样的功能，是调节海洋初级生产力和驱动海洋生物地球化学循环的重要力量。以往的研究表明，铁在维持初级生产力、耦合物质循环以及调节生源要素转化中具有重要作用。近年来微生物生态学的发展将铁的研究推向了新的高度，包括微生物驱动的铁氧化—还原行为、代谢过程以及与主要元素（C/N/P）的交互关系等。以近15年发表的文献为重点，尝试综述铁的最新进展。首先梳理了海洋中铁的来源和赋存状态（溶解态、胶体态、颗粒态和有机态）；其次阐释了微生物介导的铁氧化还原类型和过程机制（如硝酸盐氧化、生物还原等）；最后总结了铁与C/N/P循环的耦合关系以及在特定生态事件中的生态效应。此外，对海洋铁研究的“化学—生物—物理”理论框架也进行了展望，旨在为更好地认识铁循环及其在海洋微生态过程的作用提供资料借鉴。

关键词: 海洋铁循环, 微生物过程, 氧化—还原机制, 生态效应

Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust, and it often appears as a trace element in the ocean. Iron has a variable valence and diverse functions, and is an important force to regulate marine primary productivity and drive the geochemical cycle in the ocean. Previous studies have shown that iron plays an important role in maintaining primary productivity, coupling matter cycles, and regulating the transformation of biogenic factors. In recent years, with the development of microbial ecology, iron research has enter more in-depth levels, including microbial-driven iron oxidation-reduction behavior, metabolic processes, and interactions with other major elements(C/N/P). This paper attempts to review the latest progress of iron, focusing on the published literatures of the past fifteen years. Firstly, we explained the sources and occurrence states of iron in the ocean (such as dissolved, colloidal, granular and organic state); Secondly, we reviewed the types and process mechanisms of microbial-mediated iron redoxbehavior (for example nitrate oxidation, and biological reduction, etc.); Finally, we summarized the coupling relationship between iron and C/N/P cycle. Additionally, the ecological roles of iron in specific ecological event (for instance algal bloom) has also been described. Furthermore, the "chemical-biological-physical" theoretical framework for marine iron research is also discussed. The purpose of this paper is to provide more information for marine microecological research and their effects on iron cycle under changing environment, such as global change.

Key words: Marineiron cycle, Microbial processes, Oxidation-reduction mechanisms, Ecological effects.

中图分类号:

图1 海洋中铁的粒径、种类及相关生物示意图（据参考文献[ 9 ]修改）

Fig.1 The various size fractions, species, and associated biology of Fe that exist in marine waters (modified after reference [ 9 ])

图2 颗粒和溶解（可溶性和胶体）铁池的成分（据参考文献[ 8 ]修改）

Fig.2 The components of particulate and dissolved iron pools (soluble and colloidal components) (modified after reference[ 8 ])

图3 铁氧化还原循环示意图（据参考文献[ 9 ]修改）

Fig.3 Representation of the Fe redox cycle (modified after reference [ 9 ])

图4 3种不同类型的硝化细菌与Fe（II）之间的相互作用概述^{[

32
]}

Fig.4 Overview of three different types of interaction between nitrate-reducing bacteria and Fe(II)^{[

32
]}

图5 关于Fe（II）氧化机理的假设示意图^{[

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]}

Fig. 5 Schematics of the current hypotheses on the mechanism of Fe(II) oxidation ^{[

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]}

图6 铁循环和碳循环关系示意图（据参考文献[ 9 ]修改）

Fig.6 Schematic of the links between iron (Fe) and carbon (C) cycling (modified after reference [ 9 ])

图7 海洋中铁循环的主要进程（据参考文献[ 8 ]修改）

Fig.7 Representation of the major processes in the ocean iron cycle (modified after reference [ 8 ])

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