北斗三号新信号B1C和B2a观测数据质量分析评估
  <sup>*</sup>

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.11.1161.

随着北斗三号全球卫星导航系统16颗组网中圆地球轨道(MEO)卫星的发射成功与新信号的播发,北斗正式进入全球系统的建设阶段,同时国际全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)监测评估系统(iGMAS)也从卫星端到地面接收端等各方面对北斗三号系统的运行性能进行系统测试和评估。从数据完整率、多路径误差、伪距噪声和载噪比等4个方面,对12颗北斗三号MEO卫星上播发的新信号B1C和B2a的观测数据质量进行分析评估,并与全球定位系统(GPS)和伽利略(GALILEO)系统进行比较分析。结果表明,北斗三号系统内B1C的观测数据完整率优于B2a,多路径误差、伪距噪声和载噪比B2a信号优于B1C,北斗三号12颗MEO卫星的工作性能相当,即北斗三号在各卫星建设中的一致性与统一性。伪距噪声方面北斗三号较GPS和GALILEO略大,观测数据完整率、多路径误差和载噪比等方面北斗三号则与GPS和GALILEO相当。

关键词: 北斗三号, B1C和B2a, 数据质量, 多路径误差, 载噪比

With the successful launch of the sixteen MEO satellites of the Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system and the broadcast of new signals, Beidou has officially entered the global construction stage while the international GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) is also performing systematic testing and evaluation on various aspects of operational performance from satellite end to ground receiving end of Beidou-3 system. This paper analyzed and evaluated the observation quality of new signals B1C and B2a broadcasted by the twelve new Beidou-3 MEO satellites on the observation data integrity rate, multipath error, pseudorange noise and Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) compared with GPS and GALILEO. The results show that the observation data integrity rate of B1C signal is better than that of B2a signal in the Beidou-3 system. In the aspects of multipath error, pseudorange noise and CNR, B2a signal is better than that of B1C. The performances of the twelve MEO satellites of Beidou-3 are equivalent, that is, for Beidou-3, the consistency of satellites can be guaranteed. In terms of pseudo-range noise, Beidou-3 is slightly worse than GPS and GALILEO While the observation data integrity rate, multipath error and CNR of Beidou-3 are equivalent to those of GPS and GALILEO.

Key words: Beidou-3, B1C and B2a, Observation data quality, Multipath error, Carrier-to-noise ratio.

中图分类号:

P228

图1 iGMAS全球GNSS跟踪站分布图

Fig.1 iGMAS global GNSS tracking station distribution map

表1 DOY 140-149 各测站观测数据完整率均值(单位:%)

Table 1 Mean integrity rate of each station observation data DOY 140-149 (unit:%)

信号	bjf1	lha1	dwin	icuk	kndy	均值
B1C	98.97	99.14	98.59	99.22	99.54	98.32
B2a	96.01	97.48	98.33	97.70	98.23	98.32
L1	98.20	98.80	99.90	99.20	100.00	93.87
L2	80.60	90.90	90.60	89.30	91.20	93.87
E1	92.20	96.80	97.80	97.80	99.00	95.89
E5a	96.10	94.30	97.00	95.60	92.30	95.89

表1 DOY 140-149 各测站观测数据完整率均值(单位:%)

Table 1 Mean integrity rate of each station observation data DOY 140-149 (unit:%)

信号	bjf1	lha1	dwin	icuk	kndy	均值
B1C	98.97	99.14	98.59	99.22	99.54	98.32
B2a	96.01	97.48	98.33	97.70	98.23	98.32
L1	98.20	98.80	99.90	99.20	100.00	93.87
L2	80.60	90.90	90.60	89.30	91.20	93.87
E1	92.20	96.80	97.80	97.80	99.00	95.89
E5a	96.10	94.30	97.00	95.60	92.30	95.89

图2 DOY 140-149 各测站观测数据完整率均值

Fig.2 Mean integrity rate of each station observation data DOY 140-149

表2 DOY 140-149 各测站多路径误差均值(单位:m)

Table 2 Mean multipath error of each station observation data DOY 140-149 (unit:m)

信号	bjf1	lha1	dwin	icuk	kndy	均值
B1C	0.1394	0.1905	0.2734	0.4469	0.3008	0.2371
B2a	0.1086	0.1504	0.2610	0.2483	0.2514	0.2371
L1	0.1479	0.1505	0.1488	0.2770	0.1940	0.1855
L2	0.1352	0.1501	0.1662	0.2668	0.2186	0.1855
E1	0.1871	0.2083	0.2705	0.4122	0.2784	0.2122
E5a	0.1128	0.1147	0.1660	0.2130	0.1586	0.2122

表2 DOY 140-149 各测站多路径误差均值(单位:m)

Table 2 Mean multipath error of each station observation data DOY 140-149 (unit:m)

信号	bjf1	lha1	dwin	icuk	kndy	均值
B1C	0.1394	0.1905	0.2734	0.4469	0.3008	0.2371
B2a	0.1086	0.1504	0.2610	0.2483	0.2514	0.2371
L1	0.1479	0.1505	0.1488	0.2770	0.1940	0.1855
L2	0.1352	0.1501	0.1662	0.2668	0.2186	0.1855
E1	0.1871	0.2083	0.2705	0.4122	0.2784	0.2122
E5a	0.1128	0.1147	0.1660	0.2130	0.1586	0.2122

图3 DOY 140-149各测站多路径误差均值

Fig.3 Mean multipath error of each station observation data DOY 140-149

图4 DOY145 lha1站北斗三号C27卫星B1C、B2a信号多路径误差

Fig.4 Multipath error of Beidou-3 C27 satellite B1C, B2a signal at lha1 station DOY145

图5 DOY 145 lha1站GPS系统G06卫星L1、L2信号多路径误差

Fig.5 Multipath error of GPS G06 satellite L1, L2 signal at lha1 station DOY145

图6 DOY 145 lha1站GALILEO系统E08卫星E1、E5a信号的多路径误差

Fig.6 Multipath error of GALILEO E08 satellite E1, E5a signal at lha1 station DOY 145

表3 DOY 140-149各测站伪距噪声均值(单位:m)

Table 3 Mean pseudorange noise of each station DOY 140-149(unit:m)

信号	bjf1	lha1	dwin	icuk	kndy	均值
B1C	0.2600	0.2733	0.2757	0.3135	0.3094	0.2769
B2a	0.2281	0.2427	0.2759	0.3036	0.2866	0.2769
L1	0.2251	0.2223	0.2227	0.2747	0.2514	0.2161
L2	0.1904	0.1824	0.1839	0.1858	0.2219	0.2161
E1	0.2460	0.2573	0.2689	0.3214	0.2987	0.2468
E5a	0.2095	0.2005	0.2027	0.2343	0.2285	0.2468

表3 DOY 140-149各测站伪距噪声均值(单位:m)

Table 3 Mean pseudorange noise of each station DOY 140-149(unit:m)

信号	bjf1	lha1	dwin	icuk	kndy	均值
B1C	0.2600	0.2733	0.2757	0.3135	0.3094	0.2769
B2a	0.2281	0.2427	0.2759	0.3036	0.2866	0.2769
L1	0.2251	0.2223	0.2227	0.2747	0.2514	0.2161
L2	0.1904	0.1824	0.1839	0.1858	0.2219	0.2161
E1	0.2460	0.2573	0.2689	0.3214	0.2987	0.2468
E5a	0.2095	0.2005	0.2027	0.2343	0.2285	0.2468

图7 DOY 140-149各测站伪距噪声均值

Fig.7 Mean pseudorange noise of each station DOY 140-149

表4 DOY 140-149 各测站载噪比(CNR)均值(单位:dBHz)

Table 4 Meancarrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of each station DOY 140-149(unit:dBHz)

信号	bjf1	lha1	dwin	icuk	kndy	均值
B1C	43.34	44.96	44.23	42.06	44.15	44.19
B2a	45.08	45.39	44.44	44.98	43.27	44.19
L1	44.74	46.03	44.54	45.69	43.80	39.66
L2	36.49	36.82	33.24	33.86	31.44	39.66
E1	43.33	44.74	42.82	43.71	43.58	43.81
E5a	44.82	44.89	43.51	44.04	42.70	43.81

表4 DOY 140-149 各测站载噪比(CNR)均值(单位:dBHz)

Table 4 Meancarrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of each station DOY 140-149(unit:dBHz)

信号	bjf1	lha1	dwin	icuk	kndy	均值
B1C	43.34	44.96	44.23	42.06	44.15	44.19
B2a	45.08	45.39	44.44	44.98	43.27	44.19
L1	44.74	46.03	44.54	45.69	43.80	39.66
L2	36.49	36.82	33.24	33.86	31.44	39.66
E1	43.33	44.74	42.82	43.71	43.58	43.81
E5a	44.82	44.89	43.51	44.04	42.70	43.81

图8 DOY 140-149各测站载噪比均值

Fig.8 Mean Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) of each station DOY 140-149

图9 DOY 145拉萨站lha1北斗三号C22、C27和C30卫星载噪比

Fig.9 CNR of Beidou-3 satellites C22, C27 and C30 at lha1 station DOY 145

图10 DOY 145 lha1站各系统相应频点载噪比

Fig.10 CNR of signals corresponding to each system at lha1 station DOY 145

[1]	Yang Yuanxi, Xu Yangyin, Li Jinlong, et al. Progress and performance evaluation of Bei Dou Global Navigation Satellite System: Data analysis based on BDS-3 demonstration system[J]. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 2018, 61(5): 614-624.
	[杨元喜, 许扬胤, 李金龙, 等. 北斗三号系统进展及性能预测——试验验证数据分析[J]. 中国科学:D辑, 2018, 48(5): 584-594.]
[2]	China Satellite Navigation Office (CSNO). Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System Signal in Space Interface Control Document Open Service Signal B2a (Version 1.0)[Z]. December, 2017.
	[中国卫星导航系统管理办公室(CSNO). 北斗卫星导航系统空间信号接口控制文件公开服务信号B2a(1.0版)[Z].2017年12月.]
[3]	Yang Yuanxi, Lu Mingquan, Han Chunhao.Some notes on interoperability of GNSS[J]. Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(3):253-259.
	[杨元喜, 陆明泉, 韩春好. GNSS互操作若干问题[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(3):253-259.] URL
[4]	Wen Xufeng, Hao Jinming, Hu Xiaogong, et al. Quality assessment of the Beidou-3 new generation experimental satellites observation data[J]. Journal of Geomatics Science & Technology, 2017,34(6): 597-601.
	[温旭峰,郝金明,胡小工,等.北斗新一代试验星观测数据质量分析[J].测绘科学技术学报, 2017,34(6): 597-601.] URL
[5]	Gao Yuting.Research on Comprehensive Quality Evaluation Method of BDS Tri-band Observations[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2017.
	[高余婷. BDS三频观测数据综合质量评估方法研究[D].西安:长安大学,2017.]
[6]	Guo Liangliang.Development and Applications of GNSS Data Quality Assessment Software[D]. Zhengzhou: PLA Information Engineering University, 2017.
	[郭亮亮. GNSS数据质量评估软件研制与应用[D]. 郑州:解放军信息工程大学, 2017.]
[7]	Pan Lin, Cai Changsheng.Software design and implementation for Beidou data quality analysis[J]. Engineering of Surveying and Mapping, 2004, 23(10):67-71.
	[潘林, 蔡昌盛. 北斗数据质量分析软件设计与实现[J]. 测绘工程, 2014, 23(10):67-71.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7949.2014.10.016 URL
[8]	Ding Yiwei.Research on Evaluation Methods for Multi-GNSS Data Quality and Integrity[D]. Nangjing:Southeast University, 2017.
	[丁艺伟. 多GNSS观测数据质量与完好性评价方法研究[D].南京:东南大学, 2017.]
[9]	Li Zhenghang, Huang Jinsong.GPS Surveying and Data Processing[M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2005.
	[李征航, 黄劲松. GPS测量与数据处理[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 2005.]
[10]	Xie Gang.Principles of GPS and Receiver Design[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2009.
	[谢钢. GPS原理与接收机设计[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2009.]
[11]	Chen Lingling, Meng Yansong, Zhang Lixin.A new method to assess the quality of Bei-Dou tri-band observation data[J]. Electronic Design Engineering, 2017,25(13): 44-47,52.
	[陈玲玲,蒙艳松,张立新. 一种新的方法对北斗三频观测数据质量进行评估[J]. 电子设计工程, 2017, 25(13): 44-47, 52.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6236.2017.13.012 URL
[12]	Geng J, Bock Y.Triple-frequency GPS precisepoint positioning with rapid ambiguity resolution[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2013,87(5):449-460. doi: 10.1007/s00190-013-0619-2 URL
[13]	Li Zhenghang, Zhang Xiaohong.New Technique and Precise Data Processing Methods of Satellite Navigation and Positioning[M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2009.
	[李征航, 张小红. 卫星导航定位新技术及高精度数据处理方法[M]. 武汉:武汉大学出版社, 2009.]
[14]	Lu Weijun, Ma Guanyi.Research of pseudorange weight assessment algorithm based on pseudorange noise[C]∥The 7th China Satellite Navigation Conference. Changsha, 2016.
	[卢伟俊, 马冠一. 基于伪距噪声的伪距定权算法研究[C]∥第七届中国卫星导航学术年会. 长沙, 2016.]
[15]	China Satellite Navigation Office (CSNO). Terminology for BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS): BD110001-2015[S].2015.
	[中国卫星导航系统管理办公室(CSNO): BD110001-2015北斗卫星导航术语[S].2015.]
[16]	Feng Xiaochao, Jin Guoping, Fan Jianjun, et al. Experimentation and analysis of multipath effect in Pseudo-range measurement of GNSS receiver[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2013,(5):77-81.
	[冯晓超,金国平,范建军,等.GNSS接收机伪距测量中的多径效应试验分析[J]. 现代电子技术, 2013,(5):77-81.] URL
[17]	China Satellite Navigation Office (CSNO). Navigation and Positioning Data Output Format for BeiDou/Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) Receiver: BD 410004-2015[S/OL].[2018-06-05]. . URL
	[中国卫星导航系统管理办公室(CSNO). 北斗/全球卫星导航系统.2018-06-05]. . URL
[18]	Ye Xianfeng.Research on Processing Method of GNSS Station Environment Error and Its Application Using SNR Data[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 2016.
	[叶险峰. 基于GNSS信噪比数据的测站环境误差处理方法及其应用研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉), 2016.]
[19]	Zhu Jingran.Multi-GNSS Real-time Data Analysis and Software Implementation[D]. Nanjing:Southeast University, 2015.
	[朱静然. 多系统GNSS实时数据质量分析及软件实现[D]. 南京:东南大学, 2015.]
[20]	RTCM-SC104. The Receiver Independent Exchange Format (Version 3.03)[Z]. 2015.

[1]	孙小荣,张书毕,吴继忠,郑南山. 基于 SNR的 GPS-IR技术机理分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(2): 156-163.
[2]	李涌涛, 李建文, 潘林, 郭亮亮, 魏绒绒, 刘德智. 北斗三号新信号B1C和B2a观测数据质量分析评估 [J]. 地球科学进展, 0, (): 18-.
[3]	武子谦, 宋淑丽, 周伟莉, 朱文耀. 导航卫星太阳辐射压模型研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(4): 495-504.
[4]	范锦龙. 地球观测数据卫星分发系统发展综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(7): 712-716.
[5]	何亚文，杜云艳，肖如林，侯立媛，孙晓丹. 基于Web Services的海洋表面温度场数据应用服务框架与实现[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(11): 1254-1259.
[6]	周江存,孙和平. 高精度GPS观测中的负荷效应[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(10): 1036-1040.
[7]	陈俊勇. 重力卫星五年运行对求定地球重力场模型的进展和展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(7): 661-666.
[8]	王毅. 新一代对地观测系统的发展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(9): 980-989.
[9]	崔树红;谢志仁;钟鹤翔;信忠保. 利用T/P海面高度数据校验验潮站地面升降的初步研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(6): 643-648.
[10]	陈俊勇. 大地基准的现代化和卫星大地测量新成果———参加国际大地测量协会（IAG）2003年日本札晃大会札记[J]. 地球科学进展, 2004, 19(1): 12-016.
[11]	黄栋,黄城,李金岭,严豪健,虞南华. GPS无线电掩星技术监测地球大气[J]. 地球科学进展, 1997, 12(3): 217-223.

阅读次数

全文

摘要

Quality Assessment of the Beidou-3 New Signal B1C and B2a Observation Data *

Quality Assessment of the Beidou-3 New Signal B1C and B2a Observation Data ^*