蚯蚓方解石颗粒——一种新的古气候信息记录载体

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.09.0983

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 983 -993. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.09.0983

新学科·新发展·新技术上一篇

蚯蚓方解石颗粒——一种新的古气候信息记录载体

宗秀兰 ^1, ²(

), 宋友桂 ^1, ^*(

), 李越 ^1, ²

1.中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,陕西西安 710061
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-05-08 修回日期:2018-08-15 出版日期:2018-10-20
通讯作者: 宋友桂 E-mail:zongxiulan@ieecas.cn;syg@ieecas.cn
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目“中亚干旱区黄土记录的末次冰期以来气候变化与驱动机制”(编号:41572162);中国科学院国际合作重点项目“中亚黄土与第四纪气候变化”(编号:132B61KYS20160002) 资助.

Earthworm Calcite Granule —A New Proxy for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction

Xiulan Zong ^1, ²( ), Yougui Song ^1, ^*( ), Yue Li ^1, ²

1.State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
2.University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2018-05-08 Revised:2018-08-15 Online:2018-10-20 Published:2018-10-24
Contact: Yougui Song E-mail:zongxiulan@ieecas.cn;syg@ieecas.cn
About author:
First author:Zong Xiulan(1995-),female,Yining City,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Master student. Research areas include loess in Central Asia and climate change in the Quaternary. E-mail:zongxiulan@ieecas.cn
Supported by:
Foundation item:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Climate change since the last glaciation recorded by loess deposits in Central Asian arid area and its driving mechanism" (No.41572162);The International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences "Loess in Central Asia and climate change in the Quaternary" (No.132B61KYS20160002).

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近年的研究表明在第四纪土壤和沉积物中广泛存在由蚯蚓特殊腺体产生的方解石颗粒 (ECG)。它们一方面可为放射性碳测年提供有效的测年材料,另一方面能够反映其形成时的温度和降水特征。ECG作为潜在的古环境变化信息的新载体,成为古气候研究领域的新方向。在前人研究工作的基础上,分析了ECG的研究现状,介绍了ECG的产生机理及特征,详细阐述了ECG的碳、氧同位素反映古气候、古环境变化的原理与机制,并介绍了其在年代学、古气候环境重建中的应用,探讨了其作为新指标的可靠性及存在的问题,展望了该领域的研究方向和趋势,希望能对未来的黄土古气候研究提供参考。

关键词: 蚯蚓方解石颗粒, 碳、氧同位素, 年代学, 古气候重建

Earthworm calcite granules (ECG), generally produced in Morren's glands of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris and Lumbricus rubellus, are commonly preserved in Quaternary soils and sediments well. These granules can not only provide radio-carbon dating (Carbon-14) with the efficacious materials, but accurately record a wealth of climatic and environmental information on temperature and precipitation. For instance, researchers from France reconstructed the paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation during the last glacial in west part of Europe by taking advantage of δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C signal contained in ECG. Additionally, scientists from Germany and France carried out radiocarbon dating of ECG from two different loess-paleosol sequences, and the results showed consistency with the dating results of other materials (such as charcoal, bone, plant calcified root cells, etc.). Therefore, this new bio-indicator has been confirmed as a proxy for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction, hopefully becoming the golden key to understanding the paleoclimate change. This paper, based on the previous literatures, reviewed the present research status of ECG in paleoclimatology, mainly consisting of five aspects: (i) ECGs' production mechanism and their characteristics; (ii) The theoretical foundation of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in terrestrial fossil earthworm calcite granules for paleoclimatic reconstruction; (iii) The pre-treatment of ECG samples; (iv) Current applications in chronology and paleoclimatology of earthworm calcite granules;(v) Major problems at present regarding paleoclimatic explanation and radiocarbon-14 dating of ECG. Finally, we proposed the future research and development direction in this field, which is expected to make a reference to the future researches.

Key words: Earthworm calcite granules, Carbon and oxygen isotopes, Chronology, Paleoclimatology.

中图分类号:

P532

图1 蚯蚓方解石颗粒 (ECG) 在蚯蚓体内的产生部位及内外部形貌特征(据参考文献[ 6 ]修改)
(a) 蚯蚓体内钙腺的位置 ^{[

11
,

12
]};(b) 扫描电镜下的正正蚓方解石颗粒;(c) 蚯蚓方解石颗粒的显微镜下照片;(d) 蚯蚓方解石颗粒的剖面图

Fig.1 Position where the Earthworm Calcite Granule (ECG) is produced within the body of earthworm and morphology features and interior structure of the ECG (modified after reference[6])
(a) The position of calciferous glands in earthworm ^{[

11
,

12
]}; (b) Scanning Electron Microscopy of an ECG produced by Lumbricus terrestris; (c) Micrograph of one ECG; (d) Thin section of an ECG

图2 蚯蚓方解石颗粒 δ ¹³C值与植被类型关系示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram showing the relationships between δ ¹³C values of earthworm calcite granule and vegetation types

图2 蚯蚓方解石颗粒 δ ¹³C值与植被类型关系示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram showing the relationships between δ ¹³C values of earthworm calcite granule and vegetation types

图3 蚯蚓方解石颗粒δ ¹⁸O反映大气来源渗流水氧同位素示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram showing links of δ ¹⁸O values of earthworm calcite granule to oxygen isotope of vadose water with atmospheric sources

图3 蚯蚓方解石颗粒δ ¹⁸O反映大气来源渗流水氧同位素示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram showing links of δ ¹⁸O values of earthworm calcite granule to oxygen isotope of vadose water with atmospheric sources

图4 Schattenhausen黄土—古土壤序列碳酸盐 ¹⁴C年龄 ^{[

8
]}

Fig.4 ¹⁴C age of carbonate from the loess-paleosol sequence at Schattenhausen ^{[

8
]}

图4 Schattenhausen黄土—古土壤序列碳酸盐 ¹⁴C年龄 ^{[

8
]}

Fig.4 ¹⁴C age of carbonate from the loess-paleosol sequence at Schattenhausen ^{[

8
]}

图5 Nussloch P4-P8黄土—古土壤序列中ECG的放射性年龄及其与格陵兰间冰期(Greenland Interstadials, GI)的关系 ^[7] 图中红色线条代表被弃用的年龄数据;灰色阴影部分表示放射性 ¹⁴C年龄误差在2σ范围内

Fig.5 Radiocarbon chronology of all soil horizons from the Nussloch P4-P8 composite loess profile based on earthworm granules and correlations with Greenland Interstadials ^[7]Discarded ages are red-contoured; The gray shading indicates 2σ ranges of ¹⁴C ages

图6 德国Nussloch P8剖面中ECG的δ ¹⁸O值推算的土壤和空气温度 ^{[

22
]}

Fig.6 Soil and air temperatures inferred from the δ ¹⁸O values of earthworm calcite granules for profile P8 at Nussloch, Germany ^{[

22
]}

图6 德国Nussloch P8剖面中ECG的δ ¹⁸O值推算的土壤和空气温度 ^{[

22
]}

Fig.6 Soil and air temperatures inferred from the δ ¹⁸O values of earthworm calcite granules for profile P8 at Nussloch, Germany ^{[

22
]}

图7 德国Nussloch P8剖面中ECG的δ ¹³C值恢复的古降水量 ^{[

6
]}

Fig.7 Paleo-precipitation reflected by δ ¹³C values of earthworm calcite granules from the Nussloch profile P8, Germany ^{[

6
]}

图7 德国Nussloch P8剖面中ECG的δ ¹³C值恢复的古降水量 ^{[

6
]}

Fig.7 Paleo-precipitation reflected by δ ¹³C values of earthworm calcite granules from the Nussloch profile P8, Germany ^{[

6
]}

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