巽他陆架——淹没的亚马逊河盆地?

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.11.1119

古气候研究中一个关键性的争论问题,是陆地植被及其碳库在冰期旋回里的作用。今天亚马逊河盆地发育着全球最大的热带雨林,也是陆地上重大的碳库,而在冰期时东南亚的巽他陆架出露成陆,形成又一个巨大的热带雨林,引起全球碳循环的重大变化。为此,需要在巽他陆架进行大洋钻探,揭示近几百万年来该热带地区的海面升降、河系发育、植被与碳库演变,以及生物地理的历史。

关键词: 热带雨林, 碳循环, 海面变化, 冰期旋回, 避难所假说

A crucial and debatable issue in paleoclimatology is the change of terrestrial vegetation and the role of its carbon storage in glacial cycles. In the modern world, the Amazon Basin hosts the largest tropical rainforest and plays a major role of carbon sink, but during the glacial times another large tropical rainforest must have formed in the then emerged Sunda Shelf, SE Asia, and significantly changed the global carbon cycling. Accordingly, ocean drilling expeditions to the Sunda Shelf are being proposed in order to investigate the sea level changes, evolution of river network, vegetation and carbon storage, as well as biogeography of the tropical region over the last millions of years.

Key words: Tropical rainforest, Carbon cycle, Sea-level changes, Glacial cycle, Refuge hypothesis.

中图分类号:

P736.15

图1 亚马逊河盆地地形示意图

Fig.1 The Amazon River Basin

图2 世界赤道地区的热带河流

Fig.2 Tropical rivers at the equator

图3 “巽他陆架”(a) 地形图 ^{[

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]};(b)末次冰期时的河系推测图 ^{[

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]}

Fig.3 “The Sunda Shelf ” (a) topography ^{[

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]}; (b)Hypothetical river network during the last glacial ^{[

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]}

图4 全球单位面积生物碳含量分布图(单位:MgC/hm ²) ^{[

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]}

Fig.4 Global total biomass carbon density (unit:MgC/hm ²) ^{[

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]}

图5 近一百万年来东南亚热带低地森林面积最大变化的推断 ^{[

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]}

Fig.5 Maximum fluctuations in tropical lowland forest extent in Southeast Asia during the last 1 Ma ^{[

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]}

图6 巽他陆架东北的地震剖面
(a),(b)地震剖面位置图;(c)地震剖面A-B-C-D-E,纵坐标右侧为时间(s),左侧为深度(km);(d)剖面的超复/退复层序再造 ^{[

36
]}

Fig.6 Seismic profile on the NE Sunda Shelf
(a),(b)Location of the profile;(c)Seicmic profile A-B-C-D-E, right-travel time in second, left-depth in km;(d)Reconstructed depositional onlap/offlap ^{[

36
]}

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摘要

The Sunda Shelf—A Submerged Amazon Basin?