近岸底层水体低氧沉积记录研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.06.0567.

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 567 -580. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.06.0567.

近岸底层水体低氧沉积记录研究进展

吴伊婧 ¹(

), 范代读 ^1, ^2,,A; ^*(

), 印萍 ³, 胡虞杨 ¹

1. 同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海 200092
2. 长江大学地球科学学院,湖北武汉 430100
3.青岛海洋地质研究所,山东青岛 266071

收稿日期:2016-04-18 修回日期:2016-05-02 出版日期:2016-06-20
通讯作者: 范代读 E-mail:walada@qq.com;ddfan@tongji.edu.cn
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目“全新世长江口低氧区形成与演化历史及控制机制”(编号:41476031);教育部博士点基金课题“长江口季节性缺氧的沉积记录与演化历史研究”(编号:20130072130003)资助

Research Advances in Sedimentary Records of Coastal Bottom-water Hypoxia

Yijing Wu ¹( ), Daidu Fan ^1, ^2, ^*( ), Ping Yin ³, Yuyang Hu ¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2.School of Geoscience, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
3.Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China

Received:2016-04-18 Revised:2016-05-02 Online:2016-06-20 Published:2016-06-10
Contact: Daidu Fan E-mail:walada@qq.com;ddfan@tongji.edu.cn
About author:
First author:Wu Yijing (1990- ), female, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, Ph. D student. Research areas include marine geology.E-mail:walada@qq.com

Corresponding author:Fan Daidu (1972- ), male, Datian City, Fujian Province, Professor. Research areas include marine sedimentology.E-mail:ddfan@tongji.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Development and evolution history of hypoxia off the Changjiang Estuary in Holocene and controlling mechanism”(No.41476031);Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China “Sedimentary records and developing history of seasonal hypoxia off the Changjiang Estuary”(No.20130072130003)

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长时间尺度的沉积记录可以提升对近岸低氧形成机制的理解,从而为预报、预测和发展减缓低氧措施等提供必要的依据。综述了近岸低氧发育与演化历史的主要研究进展,尤其侧重于沉积记录的研究。首先按水体受限程度将近岸低氧发育环境划分为半封闭型海盆/海湾和开阔陆架海2类,分别探讨了二者低氧发育的主要特征。其次分析总结了低氧沉积记录的替代性指标,包括对水体氧化还原环境具有较好指示意义的生物学、矿物学和地球化学指标,着重分析了各类替代性指标的适用性。最后对长江口外海域底层水体低氧发生机制与沉积记录的研究现状作了回顾与分析。目前长时间尺度的低氧沉积记录研究仍然较少,鉴于长江口外海域低氧的动态发育特征,提出了多钻孔、多参数结合的研究方案。

关键词: 低氧, 形成与演化机制, 替代性指标, 沉积记录, 长江口

Sedimentary records are potential to provide long-term evidence for better understanding the development mechanism of coastal hypoxia, shedding some light on the forecast, prediction and controlling-measure development to mitigate hypoxia. Therefore, recent research advances in the formation mechanism and evolution history of coastal hypoxia were briefly reviewed, specially with focus on sedimentary records and proxy methods. First, marine environments with hypoxia were classified into semi-enclosed marginal sea/gulf and open shelf sea based on the degree of bottom-water circulation and ventilation, and main characteristics for the hypoxic development were discussed respectively. Secondly, the methodology was reviewed in the efficiency by using different proxies to reconstruct hypoxia development history from sediment cores, including redox indicators of sedimentology, biology, mineralogy and geochemistry. Ultimately, recent research advance in hypoxic development mechanism and evolution history off the Changjiang Estuary were summarized. It is worth noting that long-term evolution history has been less studied from long cores. It is therefore suggested that a synthetic methodology involving multi-core comparison with different-proxy interpretation should be employed to study the development history of seasonal hypoxia off the Changjiang Estuary.

Key words: Hypoxia, Formation and evolution mechanism, Proxy, Sedimentary records, Changjiang Estuary.

中图分类号:

图1 19世纪50年代以来全球主要近岸低氧区域分布与数量变化 ^{[

6
]}
暗红点表示低氧区域、深蓝点表示低氧程度得到改善的区域

Fig.1 World-wide distribution and development of coastal hypoxia and variation in the observed numbers since the 1850s ^{[

6
]}
Dark red and blue denoting hypoxic areas and some hypoxia-alleviated areas

表1 沉积环境的氧化还原条件分类 ^{[

19
]}

Table 1 Redox classification of the depositional environment ^{[

19
]}

	富氧	低氧
	富氧	贫氧	次氧	无氧→ 硫化
DO浓度/mg/L	> 2.0	2.0~0.2	0.2~0.0	约0.0 →H₂S

表1 沉积环境的氧化还原条件分类 ^{[

19
]}

Table 1 Redox classification of the depositional environment ^{[

19
]}

	富氧	低氧
	富氧	贫氧	次氧	无氧→ 硫化
DO浓度/mg/L	> 2.0	2.0~0.2	0.2~0.0	约0.0 →H₂S

图2 氧化还原敏感性元素在低氧环境中的自生富集过程(据参考文献[80~89]编绘)

Fig.2 Enrichment procedure of redox sensitive elements under hypoxic condition (modified after references[80~89])

图3 长江口外低氧形成机制示意图

Fig.3 A sketch diagram to show the formation mechanism of seasonal hypoxia off the Changjiang Estuary

图4 长江口低氧范围及中心的时空分布,及其与赤潮、营养盐排海通量的关系 ^{[

105
,

112
,

125
,

126
]}

Fig.4 Spatiotemporal variation in the hypoxic area and central location off the Changjiang Estuary and its connection with red tide and nutrient discharge ^{[

105
,

112
,

125
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126
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