海洋微塑料生态风险研究进展与展望

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.06.0560.

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 560 -566. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.06.0560.

海洋微塑料生态风险研究进展与展望

孙晓霞(

)

1.中国科学院海洋研究所胶州湾生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,山东青岛 266071
2.青岛海洋国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛 266071
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2016-03-07 修回日期:2016-05-10 出版日期:2016-06-20
基金资助:
*海洋专项子课题“热带西太平洋典型区域生物多样性与生物生产过程”(编号:XDA11030204);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“陆坡浮游生物群落分布及功能”(编号:2014CB441504)资助

Progress and Prospect on the Study of the Ecological Risk of Microplastics in the Ocean

Xiaoxia Sun( )

1.Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2.Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2016-03-07 Revised:2016-05-10 Online:2016-06-20 Published:2016-06-10
About author:
First author:Sun Xiaoxia(1974-), female, Rongcheng City, Shandong Province, Professor. Research areas include marine ecology.E-mail:xsun@qdio.ac.cn
Supported by:
The project Supported by the Sub-project of the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences “Marine biodiversity and biological production in the tropical west Pacific”(No.XDA11030204);The National Basic Research Program of China “Distribution and function of the plankton community on the continental slope”(No.2014CB441504)

全文 ( 49 ) 下载PDF ( 1545 )

海洋中的微塑料是指通过各种途径进入海洋中的直径小于5 mm的塑料颗粒。在过去60年中全球塑料生产量增加了560倍,海洋环境中微塑料的积累在不断增加。微塑料或悬浮于海水中,或沉积到海底成为沉积物的组分,对海洋生态系统的潜在风险引起了研究人员的广泛关注。综述了海洋环境中微塑料的生态风险研究进展,包括微塑料在近海水体、沉积物以及大洋中的分布和浓度;底栖动物与浮游动物对微塑料的摄食作用;微塑料本身、微塑料添加剂以及微塑料吸附的污染物质对海洋生物的毒性效应研究进展。对未来需重点研究的领域进行了展望,包括微塑料采样与测定方法的优化,微塑料在不同海洋生境中的观测,微塑料的生态毒理学效应及食物链传递效应,微塑料生态风险评估方法学研究,期望能够为系统评估微塑料对我国近海生态系统的影响提供依据。

关键词: 微塑料, 生态风险, 分布, 摄食, 毒理学效应

Microplastics in the ocean are the plastic fragments less than 5 mm in diameter, which enter into the ocean through a variety of ways. In the past 60 years, the global plastic production increased by 560 times, and the accumulation of microplastics in the marine environment is increasing. Microplastics suspend in seawater, or deposit to the bottom sediments. The potential risks of microplastics to marine ecosystems cause widespread concern. This paper summarized the research progress of the ecological risks of microplastics in the ocean, including the distribution and concentration of marine microplastics in coastal waters, sediment and open ocean, the ingestion of microplastics by different species of marine organisms, the ecotoxicology of microplastics, the plastics additives and the absorbed pollutants. The research directions were proposed for the future, including the optimization of microplastics sampling and measuring methods, microplastics observation in different marine habitats, the eco-toxicological effects of microplastics and food chain bioaccumulation effect, the methodology of microplastics ecological risk assessment. It is expected to provide evidence for the risk assessment of microplastics on Chinese coastal ecosystems.

Key words: Microplastics, Ecological risk, Distribution, Ingestion, Toxicological effect.

中图分类号:

[1]	Chen A.Here’s how much plastic enters the ocean each year[J].Science,2015, doi:10.1126/science.aaa7848.
[2]	Rochman C M, Mark Anthony B, Halpern B S, et al.Classify plastic waste as hazardous[J].Nature,2013, 494(7 436):169-171.
[3]	Law K L, Thompson R C.Microplastics in the sea[J]. Science,2014, 345(6 193): 144-145.
[4]	Browne M A, Crump P, Niven S J, et al.Accumulations of microplastic on shorelines worldwide: Sources and sinks[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2011,45: 9 175-9 179.
[5]	Yoshida S, Hiraga K, Takehana T, et al.A bacterium that degrades and assimilates poly(ethylene terephthalate)[J]. Science,2016, 351(6 278):1 196-1 199.
[6]	Derraik J G B. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: A review[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002, 44(9):842-852.
[7]	Thompson R C.Plastic debris in the marine environment: Consequences and solutions[J]. Marine Nature Conservation in Europe,2006, 193: 107-115,doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3-7.
[8]	Carpenter E J, Smith K L.Plastics on the Sargasso Sea surface[J]. Science,1972, 175:1 240.
[9]	Wong C S, Green D R, Cretney W J.Quantitative tar and plastic waste distributions in Pacific Ocean[J].Nature,1974, 247: 30-32,doi:10.1038/247030a0.
[10]	Zhou Qian, Zhang Haibo, Zhou Yang, et al.Separation of microplastics from a coastal soil and their surface microscopic features[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(14): 1 604-1 611.
	[周倩, 章海波, 周阳, 等.滨海潮滩土壤中微塑料的分离及其表面微观特征[J]. 科学通报, 2016, 61(14):1 604-1 611.]
[11]	Zhou Qian, Zhang Haibo, Li Yuan, et al.Progress on microplastics pollution and its ecological effects in the coastal environment[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2015, 60(33): 3 210-3 220.
	[周倩, 章海波, 李远, 等. 海岸环境中微塑料污染及其生态效应研究进展[J]. 科学通报, 2015, 60(33): 3 210-3 220.]
[12]	Hidalgo-Ruz V, Gutow L, Thompson R C, et al.Microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the methods used for identification and quantification[J]. Environmental Science Technology,2012, 46(6): 3 060-3 075.
[13]	Rocha-Santos T, Duarte A C.A critical overview of the analytical approaches to the occurrence, the fate and the behavior of microplastics in the environment[J]. Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2015, 65: 47-53.
[14]	Griet V, Lisbeth V C, Janssen C R, et al.A critical view on microplastic quantification in aquatic organisms[J]. Environmental Research,2015, 143: 46-55.
[15]	Mathalon A, Hill P.Microplastic fibers in the intertidal ecosystem surrounding Halifax Harbor,Nova Scotia[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014, 81(1): 69-79.
[16]	Frias J P G L, Otero V, Sobral P, et al. Evidence of microplastics in samples of zooplankton from Portuguese coastal waters[J]. Marine Environmental Research,2014, 9: 89-95.
[17]	Suaria G, Aliani S.Floating debris in the Mediterranean Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014, 86(1): 494-504.
[18]	Jang Y C, Lee J M, Hong S W, et al.Estimation of the annual flow and stock of marine debris in South Korea for management purposes[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014, 86(1): 505-511.
[19]	Kang J H,Kwon O Y,Lee K W, et al.Marine neustonic microplastics around the southeastern coast of Korea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015, 96(1): 304-312.
[20]	Ng K L, Obbard J P.Prevalence of microplastics in Singapore’s coastal marine environment[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2006, 52(7): 761-767.
[21]	Claessens M, Meester S D, Landuyt L V, et al.Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian Coast[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2011, 62(10): 2 199-2 204.
[22]	Sherman P, Sebille E V.Modeling marine surface microplastic transport to assess optimal removal locations[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2016, 11(1): 1-6.
[23]	Moore C J, Moore S L, Leecaster M K, et al.A comparison of plastic and plankton in the North Pacific central gyre[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2001, 42(12): 1 297-1 300.
[24]	Yamashita R, Tanimura A.Floating plastic in the Kuroshio Current area, western North Pacific Ocean[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2007, 54(4): 485-488.
[25]	Gilfillan L R, Ohman M D, Doyle M J, et al.Occurrence of plastic micro-debris in the southern California current system[J].California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports, 2009, 50: 123-133.
[26]	Lusher A L, Burke A, O’Connor I, et al. Microplastic pollution in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: Validated and opportunistic sampling[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014, 88(1): 325-333.
[27]	Thompson R C, Olsen Y, Mitchell P, et al.Lost at sea: Where is all the plastic?[J].Science, 2004, 304(5 672): 838.
[28]	Graham E R, Thompson J T.Deposit- and suspension-feeding sea cucumbers (Echinodermata) ingest plastic fragments[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2009, 368(1): 22-29.
[29]	Browne M A, Awantha D, Galloway T S, et al.Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(13): 5 026-5 031.
[30]	Wegner A, Besseling E, Foekema E M, et al.Effects of nanopolystyrene on the feeding behavior of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2012, 31(11): 2 490-2 497.
[31]	Cauwenberghe L V, Janssen C R.Microplastics in bivalves cultured for human consumption[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2014, 193: 65-70.
[32]	Moore C J.Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: A rapidly increasing, long-term threat[J]. Environmental Research,2008, 108: 131-139.
[33]	Fendall L S, Sewell M A.Contributing to marine pollution by washing your face: Microplastics in facial cleansers[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2009, 58(8): 1 225-1 228.
[34]	Gregory M R.Plastic ‘scrubbers’ in hand cleansers: A further (and minor) source for marine pollution identified[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,1996, 32(12): 867-871.
[35]	Doyle M J, Watson W, Bowlin N M, et al.Plastic particles in coastal pelagic ecosystems of the Northeast Pacific Ocean[J]. Marine Environmental Research, 2011, 71(1): 41-52.
[36]	Moore C J, Moore S L, Weisberg S B, et al.A comparison of neustonic plastic and zooplankton abundance in southern California’s coastal waters[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002, 44(10): 1 035-1 038.
[37]	Lattin G L, Moore C J, Zellers A F, et al.A comparison of neustonic plastic and zooplankton at different depths near the southern California shore[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2004, 49(4): 291-294.
[38]	Collignon A, Hecq J H, Glagani F, et al.Neustonic microplastic and zooplankton in the North Western Mediterranean Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2012, 64(4): 861-864.
[39]	Collignon A, Hecq J H, Galgani F, et al.Annual variation in neustonic micro-and meso-plastic particles and zooplankton in the Bay of Calvi (Mediterranean-Corsica)[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014, 79(1): 293-298.
[40]	Lima A R A, Costa M F, Barletta M. Distribution patterns of microplastics within the plankton of a tropical estuary[J]. Environmental Research,2014, 132: 146-155.
[41]	Burns C W.The relationship between body size of filter-feeding Cladocera and the maximum size of particle ingested[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1968, 13(67): 675-678.
[42]	Wilson D S.Food size selection among copepods[J]. Ecology,1973, 54(4): 909-914.
[43]	Frost B W.Feeding behavior of Calanus pacificus in mixtures of food particles[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 1977, 22(3): 472-491.
[44]	DeMott W R. Discrimination between algae and artificial particles by freshwater and marine copepods[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1988, 33(3): 397-408.
[45]	Kremer P, Madin L P.Particle retention efficiency of salps[J]. Journal of Plankton Research,1992, 14(7): 1 009-1 015.
[46]	Huntley M, Barthel K G, Star J L.Particle rejection by Calanus pacificus: Discrimination between similarly sized particles[J]. Marine Biology,1983, 74(2): 151-160.
[47]	Ayukai T.Discriminate feeding of the calanoid copepod Acartia clausi in mixtures of phytoplankton and inert particles[J]. Marine Biology,1987, 94(4): 579-587.
[48]	Setälä Q, Fleming-Lehtinen V, Lehtiniemi M.Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web[J]. Environmental Pollution,2014, 185: 77-83.
[49]	Desforges J W, Galbraith M, Ross P S, et al.Ingestion of microplastics by zooplankton in the northeast Pacific Ocean Arch[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2015, 69(3): 320-330.
[50]	Teuten E L, Saquing J M, Knappe D R U, et al. Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B,2009, 364(1 526): 2 027-2 045.
[51]	Hirai H, Takada H, Ogata Y, et al.Organic micropollutants in marine plastics debris from the open ocean and remote and urban beaches[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011, 62(8): 1 683-1 692.
[52]	Oehlmann J, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Kloas W, et al.A critical analysis of the biological impacts of plasticizers on wildlife[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Lordon B,2009, 364(1 526): 2 047-2 062.
[53]	Meeker J D, Sathyanarayana S, Swan S H.Phthalates and other additives in plastics: Human exposure and associated health outcomes[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Lordon B,2009, 364(1 526): 2 097-2 113.
[54]	Mato Y, Isobe T, Takada H, et al.Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2001, 35(2): 318-324.
[55]	Frias J P G L, Sobral P, Ferreira A M. Organic pollutants in microplastics from two beaches of the Portuguese coast[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010, 60(11): 1 988-1 992.
[56]	Van A, Rochman C M, Flores E M, et al.Persistent organic pollutants in plastic marine debris found on beaches in San Diego, California[J]. Chemosphere, 2012,86(3): 258-263.
[57]	Ashton K, Holmes L, Turner A.Association of metals with plastic production pellets in the marine environment[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010, 60(11): 2 050-2 055.
[58]	Holmes L A, Turner A, Thompson R C.Adsorption of trace metals to plastic resin pellets in the marine environment[J]. Environmental Pollution,2012, 160: 42-48.
[59]	Boerger C M, Lattin S L, Moore C J, et al.Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010, 60(12): 2 275-2 278.
[60]	Rochman C M, Kurobe T, Flores I, et al.Early warning signs of endocrine disruption in adult fish from the ingestion of polyethylene with and without sorbed chemical pollutants from the marine environment[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014, 493: 656-661.
[61]	Avio C G, Gorbi S, Milan M, et al.Pollutants bioavailability and toxicological risk from microplastics to marine mussels[J]. Environmental Pollution,2015, 198: 211-222,doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.021.
[62]	Davarpanah E, Guilhermino L.Single and combined effects of microplastics and copper on the population growth of the marine microalgae Tetraselmis chuii[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,2015, 167: 269-275.
[63]	Andersen A. Algal Culturing Techniques, Phycological Society of America[M]. Burlington MA: Elsevier Press,2005.
[64]	Long M, Moriceau B, Gallinari M, et al.Interactions between microplastics and phytoplankton aggregates: Impact on their respective fates[J]. Marine Chemistry,2015, 175: 39-46.
[65]	Zhao S Y, Zhu L X, Wang T, et al.Suspended microplastics in the surface water of the Yangtze Estuary System, China: First observations on occurrence, distribution[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014, 86(1): 562-568.
[66]	Zhang K, Gong W, Lv J, et al.Accumulation of floating microplastics behind the Three Gorges Dam[J]. Environmental Pollution,2015, 204: 117-123.
[67]	Kuo F J, Huang H W.Strategy for mitigation of marine debris: Analysis of sources and composition of marine debris in northern Taiwan[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014, 83(1): 70-78.
[68]	Li J, Yang D, Li L, et al.Microplastics in commercial bivalves from China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2015,207:190-195.
[69]	Yang D, Shi H, Li L, et al.Microplastic pollution in table salts from China[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2015, 49(22): 13 622-13 627.
[70]	Qiu Q, Peng J, Yu X, et al.Occurrence of microplastics in the coastal marine environment: First observation on sediment of China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015, 98(1): 274-280.
[71]	Zhang W, Ma X, Zhang Z, et al.Persistent organic pollutants carried on plastic resin pellets from two beaches in China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015, 99(1): 28-34.

[1]	高俊峰,苏强. 群落物种多度的分形模型和一般性分布规律的验证与探讨[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(6): 625-631.
[2]	韦进, 申重阳, 胡敏章, 江颖, 张晓彤, 刘子维. 连续重力观测站测定的中国大陆潮汐因子空间分布特征[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(5): 490-499.
[3]	范成新, 刘敏, 王圣瑞, 方红卫, 夏星辉, 曹文志, 丁士明, 侯立军, 王沛芳, 陈敬安, 游静, 王菊英, 盛彦清, 朱伟. 近 20年来我国沉积物环境与污染控制研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(4): 346-374.
[4]	萧凌波. 1736— 1911年华北饥荒的时空分布及其与气候、灾害、收成的关系[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(5): 478-487.
[5]	刘柏妤, 张虎才, 常凤琴, 张扬, 张晓楠, 冯仡哲, 李华勇. 茈碧湖现代沉积特征及其环境指示意义[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(2): 198-208.
[6]	郭彦龙,赵泽芳,乔慧捷,王然,卫海燕,王璐坤,顾蔚,李新. 物种分布模型面临的挑战与发展趋势[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(12): 1292-1305.
[7]	张晓栋,刘志飞,张艳伟,赵玉龙. 海洋微塑料源汇搬运过程的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(9): 936-949.
[8]	张晨,王清,赵建民. 海洋微塑料输运的数值模拟研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(1): 72-83.
[9]	祁建华, 李孟哲, 高冬梅, 甄毓, 张大海. 沙尘天气对大气生物气溶胶中微生物浓度、特性和分布的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(6): 568-577.
[10]	张翔, 陈能成, 胡楚丽, 彭小婷. 1983—2015年我国农业区域三类骤旱时空分布特征分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(10): 1048-1057.
[11]	宗庆霞, 窦磊, 侯青叶, 杨忠芳, 游远航, 唐志敏. 基于土地利用类型的土壤重金属区域生态风险评价:以珠江三角洲经济区为例[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(8): 875-884.
[12]	马其琦, 柯长青. 江苏近海有色可溶有机物时空分布特征[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(5): 524-534.
[13]	吕璇, 刘志飞. 大洋红层的分布、组成及其科学研究意义综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(12): 1307-1318.
[14]	史忠林, 文安邦, 严冬春, 龙翼, 周萍. ⁷Be法估算土壤侵蚀速率若干问题的探讨[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(9): 885-893.
[15]	许妍, 曹可, 李冕, 许自舟. 海岸带生态风险评价研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(2): 137-146.

阅读次数

全文

摘要