奄美三角盆地晚更新世以来碎屑沉积物粒度特征及其物源和古气候意义

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.03.0298.

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 298 -309. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.03.0298.

所属专题： IODP研究；

奄美三角盆地晚更新世以来碎屑沉积物粒度特征及其物源和古气候意义

周烨 ^1, ³(

), 蒋富清 ^1, ^2,,A; ^*(

), 南青云 ^1, ², 刘华华 ^1, ³, 李安春 ¹

1.中国科学院海洋研究所中国科学院海洋地质与环境重点实验室,山东青岛 266071
2.海洋国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东青岛 266061
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2016-02-10 修回日期:2016-03-01 出版日期:2016-03-20
通讯作者: 蒋富清 E-mail:zhouye066@163.com;fqjiang@qdio.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“中新世以来奄美三角盆地的风尘记录及其对构造尺度东亚古气候的指示”(编号:41576050);国家海洋局“全球变化与海气相互作用”专项“西太平洋古气候研究”(编号:GASI-04-01-02)资助

Grain-Size Distribution of Detrital Sediment in the Amami Sankaku Basin Since Late Pleistocene and Its Provenance and Palaeoclimate Implications

Ye Zhou ^1, ³( ), Fuqing Jiang ^1, ^2, ^*( ), Qingyun Nan ^1, ², Huahua Liu ^1, ³, Anchun Li ¹

1.Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2.Laboratory for Marine Geology,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266061,China
3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China

Received:2016-02-10 Revised:2016-03-01 Online:2016-03-20 Published:2016-03-10
Contact: Fuqing Jiang E-mail:zhouye066@163.com;fqjiang@qdio.ac.cn
About author:
First author:Zhou Ye(1992-), female,Jiujiang City,Jiangxi Province,Master student.Research area include marine sedimentology.E-mail:zhouye066@163.com

Corresponding author:Jiang Fuqing(1972-), male, Hutubi County, Xinjiang Province, Associate Professor. Research area include marine sedimentology.E-mail:fqjiang@qdio.ac.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Eolian dust record in the Amami Sankaku Basin and its indication of tectonic time-scale paleoclimate of East Asia since Miocene”(No.41576050);The State Oceanic Administration “Research on the Plaeoclimate of western Pacific” in the Project “Global Change and air-sea interaction” (No.GASI-04-01-02)

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对菲律宾海西北部奄美三角盆地U1438A孔约350 ka以来沉积物中碎屑组分的粒度组成进行了分析,结果表明,沉积物中碎屑组分的平均粒径为13.1 μm,粒径变化范围为0.04~160 μm,粒度频率分布呈四峰正偏态分布。利用Weibull分布函数将沉积物碎屑组分的粒度组成分离出4个相对独立的组分。其中超细组分众数约0.3 μm,粒度分布范围为0.04~0.9 μm,可能是海洋自生黏土。细粒端元众数粒径约3.5 μm,粒度分布范围为0.2~32 μm,比北太平洋中部风尘略粗,推测主要为来源于亚洲大陆的风尘。粗粒端元众数粒径约10 μm,粒度分布范围为0.3~90 μm;超粗粒端元众数粒径约40 μm,粒度分布范围为3~160 μm。粗粒组分和超粗粒组分均主要来自于周围海脊和岛弧的火山物质。细粒和粗粒敏感粒级组分的比值(1.3~2.2 μm/28~40 μm)与细粒风尘组分和粗粒火山组分的比值(0.9~3 μm/>10 μm)类似,表现为冰期高、间冰期低,与北太平洋风尘通量、亚洲大陆黄土堆积速率,以及黄土粒径所指示的冰期干旱和东亚季风/西风环流增强的气候变化是一致的,表明冰期由于亚洲大陆的干旱和季风/西风的增强,使得奄美三角盆地中细粒亚洲风尘组分的输入相对增加。因此细粒风尘和粗粒火山物质的比值可以作为亚洲大陆干旱化和大气环流增强的示踪指标。这些研究结果表明奄美三角盆地沉积物的粒度组成可用于重建东亚大陆干旱和大气环流演化历史。

关键词: 奄美三角盆地, 晚更新世, 粒度特征, 古气候

The grain size composition of detrital sediments in Hole U1438A from the Amami Sankaku Basin(ASB) in the northwest of the Philippine Sea since the last 350 ka was analyzed. The result shows that the mean grain size of the detrital sediment is about 13.1 μm, ranging from 0.04 to 160 μm. The grain size distribution displays a four-peak pattern and positive skewness. Four independent grain size components were separated by using Weibull distribution function. The ultra-fine component varies from 0.04 to 0.9 μm, with a size mode at about 0.3 μm, which may be genetically related to marine authigenetic clay. The fine-grained fraction ranges from 0.2 to 32 μm, with a size mode at about 3.5 μm, and slightly coarser than the eolian dust of the North Pacific. We argued that this fraction was mainly derived from Asian dust. The coarse-grained and ultra-coarse-grained fractions show distinct size mode at about 10 μm and 40 μm, and range from 0.3 to 90 μm, and from 3 to 160 μm respectively. Both the coarse and ultra-coarse components represent volcanic materials which were mainly derived from the ridges and islands around ASB. The variation of the ratio of environmentally sensitive size population 1.3~2.2 μm/28~40 μm was similar with the ratio of fine-sized component (Asian dust) and coarse-sized component (volcanic material) (0.9~3 μm/>10 μm), showing higher value during glacial period than that during interglacial, which is also identical with the variation of the mass accumulation of eolian dust in the North Pacific and Chinese Loess Plateau, and grain size in Chinese Loess Plateau. The increased ratio responded to the enhanced aridity of Asian continent and strengthened East Asia Winter Monsoon (EAWM)/westerly during glacial period. We argued that the increase of eolian fraction was driven by the enhanced aridity of Asian continent and strengthened East Asia Winter Monsoon (EAWM)/westerly during glacial period. Therefore, the ratio of 0.9~3 μm/>10 μm can be used as a proxy of the increased aridity and enhanced atmospheric circulation of Asian continent. These results suggest that the grain size composition of the detrial sediment in the ASB can be used to reconstruct the history of Asian aridity and atmospheric circulation.

Key words: Amami Sankaku Basin, Late Pleistocene, Grain size composition, Palaeoclimate.

中图分类号:

图1 奄美三角盆地U1438A孔位置和主要洋流示意图(据参考文献[7]修改)

Fig.1 Location of Hole U1438A in Amami Sankaku Basin and major ocean circulation (modified after reference[7])

图2 U1438A孔年代地层框架
红色方框代表火山灰层

Fig.2 Age-depth plot of Hole U1438A
Red square indicates ash layer

图3 U1438A孔粒度组成和粒度参数变化

Fig.3 The variation of grain-size composition and parameters in Hole U1438A

图4 U1438A孔不同层位典型样品和U1438B孔火山灰层粒度频率分布曲线
(a),(b)和(c)分别代表U1438A孔270~271 cm,460~461 cm和240~241 cm的样品;(d)为U1438B孔246~248 cm火山灰层;图中还分别给出了通过Weibull函数分离后的4个不同粒度组分的分布曲线

Fig.4 The grain-size frequency distribution curve of typical samples in Hole U1438A and ash layer in Hole U1438B
(a), (b) and (c)Indicate samples at 270~271 cm,460~461 cm and 240~241 cm in Hole U1438A respectively; (d)Indicate samples at ash layer at 246~248 cm in Hole U1438B; The four different grain size components separated with Weibull function fitting are also show in this figure

图5 U1438A孔不同粒级组分的相关性图解

Fig.5 Correlation diagrams between different size fractions in Hole U1438A

表1 U1438A孔碎屑沉积物各粒级组分的因子载荷矩阵

Table 1 Component matrix of different size fraction of detrital sediment in Hole U1438A

粒级/μm	F1	F2	粒级/μm	F1	F2
0.8	0.367	0.529	10	-0.770	-0.448
0.9	0.348	0.636	11	-0.653	-0.479
1	0.310	0.726	12	-0.449	-0.500
1.1	0.245	0.829	13	-0.118	-0.480
1.2	0.206	0.888	14	0.226	-0.414
1.3	0.134	0.934	15	0.439	-0.347
1.4	0.077	0.962	16	0.572	-0.274
1.6	-0.014	0.985	17	0.623	-0.208
1.8	-0.131	0.979	18	0.646	-0.116
2.0	-0.227	0.953	19	0.607	0.003
2.2	-0.305	0.917	20	0.618	0.091
2.4	-0.395	0.867	22	0.646	0.153
2.6	-0.498	0.801	25	0.767	0.160
3.0	-0.632	0.681	28	0.862	0.094
4.0	-0.875	0.320	32	0.898	0.022
5.0	-0.965	-0.067	36	0.888	-0.058
6.0	-0.951	-0.258	38	0.873	-0.115
6.5	-0.924	-0.338	40	0.862	-0.149
7.0	-0.907	-0.370	45	0.834	-0.205
7.5	-0.890	-0.392	50	0.757	-0.272
8.0	-0.873	-0.406	53	0.679	-0.306
8.5	-0.853	-0.418	56	0.624	-0.324
9.0	-0.827	-0.422

表1 U1438A孔碎屑沉积物各粒级组分的因子载荷矩阵

Table 1 Component matrix of different size fraction of detrital sediment in Hole U1438A

粒级/μm	F1	F2	粒级/μm	F1	F2
0.8	0.367	0.529	10	-0.770	-0.448
0.9	0.348	0.636	11	-0.653	-0.479
1	0.310	0.726	12	-0.449	-0.500
1.1	0.245	0.829	13	-0.118	-0.480
1.2	0.206	0.888	14	0.226	-0.414
1.3	0.134	0.934	15	0.439	-0.347
1.4	0.077	0.962	16	0.572	-0.274
1.6	-0.014	0.985	17	0.623	-0.208
1.8	-0.131	0.979	18	0.646	-0.116
2.0	-0.227	0.953	19	0.607	0.003
2.2	-0.305	0.917	20	0.618	0.091
2.4	-0.395	0.867	22	0.646	0.153
2.6	-0.498	0.801	25	0.767	0.160
3.0	-0.632	0.681	28	0.862	0.094
4.0	-0.875	0.320	32	0.898	0.022
5.0	-0.965	-0.067	36	0.888	-0.058
6.0	-0.951	-0.258	38	0.873	-0.115
6.5	-0.924	-0.338	40	0.862	-0.149
7.0	-0.907	-0.370	45	0.834	-0.205
7.5	-0.890	-0.392	50	0.757	-0.272
8.0	-0.873	-0.406	53	0.679	-0.306
8.5	-0.853	-0.418	56	0.624	-0.324
9.0	-0.827	-0.422

图6 U1438A孔粒级—因子载荷图

Fig.6 Grain size vs. factor loading diagram in Hole U1438A

图7 U1438A孔不同粒级组分含量变化

Fig.7 The variation of the content of different size fractions in Hole U1438A

图8 U1438A孔碎屑组分约350 ka以来粒度参数与其他古气候代用指标
δ ¹⁸O为全球底栖氧同位素曲线LRO4 ^{[

48
]};(a)为西北太平洋V21-146孔风尘通量(g /(cm·ka)) ^{[

42
]};(b)为灵台剖面黄土堆积速率(g/( cm ²· ka)) ^{[

46
]};(c)为黄土石英平均粒径(标准化) ^{[

47
]}

Fig.8 The grain-size parameters of detritual sediment in Hole U1438A over the past 350 ka and other paleoclimate proxies
δ ¹⁸O represent the stacked global benthic δ ¹⁸O record of LRO4 ^{[

48
]};(a)Represent the eolian flux record of the northwestern from core V21-146(g/(cm· ka)) ^{[

42
]};(b)Represent the mass accumulation rate of loess in Lingtai section(g/( cm ²· ka)) ^{[

46
]};(c)Represent the normalized grain-size of quart ^{[

47
]}

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