地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 225 -235. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.03.0225.

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二氧化碳地质封存与利用工程废弃井技术的现状与进展
李琦( ), 宋然然, 匡冬琴, 卢绪涛, 李小春   
  1. 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430071
  • 收稿日期:2016-02-03 修回日期:2016-03-01 出版日期:2016-03-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“酸气—咸水作用下岩石特异性破坏机理研究”(编号:41274111);环境保护部环境规划院科研计划专题任务“CCUS示范项目封存环境风险评估试点研究”(编号:2015A111)资助

Status and Advances of Abandoned Process of Wells for CO 2 Geological Storage

Qi Li( ), Ranran Song, Dongqin Kuang, Xutao Lu, Xiaochun Li   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
  • Received:2016-02-03 Revised:2016-03-01 Online:2016-03-20 Published:2016-03-10
  • About author:

    First author:Li Qi (1972-), male, Qingzhou City, Shandong Province,Professor. Researche areas include carbon dioxide geological utilization and storage (CCUS) and acid gas injection (AGI).E-mail:qli@whrsm.ac.cn

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Failure mechanism of rock under acid gas and saline water interaction” (No.41274111);The Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China “Environmental risk assessment of CCUS demonstration project: A pilot study”(No.2015A111)

随着二氧化碳(CO2)地质封存(CCS)与利用(CCUS)相关工程的快速进展,CO2封存场地的废弃井能否有效地封堵残余的CO2成为一项亟待解决的课题。目前,国内外在油气领域的废弃井作业已经有具体成熟的技术和丰富的经验,但是在CCS/CCUS领域,针对CO2作业井(包括CO2注入井和CO2监测井)的废弃作业国际上仅有少量公开实例,国内尚为空白。首先,总结国外发达国家(荷兰、美国和加拿大等)关于CO2作业井废弃所需的要求、材料以及实例经验中的监测要求;其次,归纳国内油气行业废弃井作业的技术现状;最后,总结CO2作业井废弃作业与常规废弃井作业的不同之处,并提出未来CO2作业井废弃作业建议。该研究对即将封井的神华CCS示范项目的废弃作业具有重要意义。

With the rapid development of CO2 geological storage and utilization (CCS/CCUS), the abandoned well in the sites of CCS/CCUS projects is becoming an important subject to be solved to check whether it can effectively block the residual CO2 or not. Up to now, the abandoned process of wells in the field of oil and gas in China and abroad have gained mature operation technology and rich experience. However, in the field of CCS/CCUS, there is only a small number of global public instances about the abandoned process of operational wells of CO2 including CO2 injection wells and CO2 monitoring wells, and the domestic instance is still blank. In this paper, we firstly summarized the required demands, materials, cases of operational experiences, and monitoring requirements of the abandoned process of operational wells of CO2 in the developed countries, e.g. the Netherlands, the United States and Canada. Then, we figured out the status of the abandoned process of domestic wells in oil and gas industry. Finally, we concluded the differences of the abandoned process between operational wells of CO2 and traditional wells of oil and gas, and proposed some recommendations for the abandoned process of operational wells of CO2 in the current and future CCS/CCUS projects in China. This study has important implications for the upcoming abandoned process of all the operational wells at Shenhua CCS demonstration site in 2016.

中图分类号: 

图1 平衡塞法(a)和倾筒法(b) [ 4 ]
Fig.1 Balanced plug method (a) and dump bailer method (b) [ 4 ]
图2 双塞注水泥法 [ 4 ]
Fig.2 Two-plug method [ 4 ]
表1 研究的6个泄漏案例中的泄漏发生率 [ 13 ]
Table 1 Occurrence of well leakage reported in six case studies [ 13 ]
图3 CO 2注入井的设计
(a)2个套管柱;(b)单一套管柱
Fig.3 Design of CO 2 injection well
(a) Two casing string option; (b) One casing string option
表2 API推荐的CO 2注入井设计和施工所需的材料 [ 15 ]
Table 2 Materials recommended by API for design and construction of CO 2 injection well [ 15 ]
图4 在用饼状封堵塞之前(a)和之后(b)的CO 2地质封存的注入井 [ 13 , 17 ]
Fig.4 CO 2 injection well before (a)and after abandonment (b)using a pancake-type plug [ 13 , 17 ]
图5 LIR-47井废弃后的示意图
显示在CO 2封存目标储层的盖层深度处缺乏一个废弃塞
Fig.5 Schematic diagram of well LIR-47 after abandonment
Showing the absence of an abandonment plug at the depth of the caprock (Holland Greensand)
图6 LIR-7井废弃后的示意图
Fig.6 Schematic diagram of well LIR-7 after abandonment
图7 酸气回注井和CO 2注入井的失效对比
(a)失效模式统计;(b)根据注入井类型统计的失效率
Fig.7 Comparison of failure in acid gas injection wells and CO 2 injection wells
(a)Number of failure according to different types of failure; (b)Failure per well according to different types of injection wells, i.e. the well from built on purpose or converted
表3 淡水层监控建议方案一览表
Table 3 Recommended monitoring scheme for freshwater formations
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