煤矿复垦生物多样性保护与恢复研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.02.0126.

生物多样性为煤矿区生态系统提供了诸多生态系统功能和服务,对改善矿区环境、矿区可持续发展有着重要的作用和意义。从煤矿开采—损毁—复垦全过程出发,介绍了开采前生物多样性保护规划与生物多样性调查、监测、评价技术;阐述了煤矿开采、运营阶段,保护表土资源中土壤种子库、土壤动物、生物土壤结皮以及边采边复的优化开采技术等生物多样性保护的主要内容与技术;分析了煤矿复垦阶段影响生物多样性恢复的关键因素,论述了煤矿复垦生物多样性恢复中土壤改良、植被重建的主要进展;最后提出了未来煤矿区生物多样性保护、恢复研究的发展方向,以期为我国煤矿复垦生物多样性保护与恢复提供科学参考。

关键词: 生物多样性, 胁迫梯度, 保护规划, 土壤改良, 植被重建

Biodiversity provides many ecosystem functions and services in the coal mine areas and plays an important role in improving the environment and sustainable development of mining area. From the view of coal mining-damage-the whole process of reclamation, the biodiversity conservation planning and biodiversity survey, monitoring and evaluation technology were briefly introduced before coal exploiting. The main contents for biodiversity conservation and technology including the protection of topsoil seed bank, soil fauna, biological soil crusts and optimization techniques of concurrent mining and reclamation during coal mining and the operational phase were elaborated. The key factors affecting biodiversity restoration in land reclamation stage were analyzed. The research on soil improvement and revegetation was discussed. Finally, the development direction of research about conservation and restoration of biodiversity in land reclamation of coal mine were proposed. It may provide some ideas for further promoting the research in this area.

Key words: Biodiversity, Stress gradient, Conservation planning, Soil improvement, Revegetation.

中图分类号:

P618.11

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Research Progress and Perspectives on Biodiversity Conservation and Restoration of Coal Mine Reclamation Area