海上风能资源观测与评估研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.08.0800.

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 800 -810. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.08.0800.

海上风能资源观测与评估研究进展

李正泉 ^1, ²(

), 宋丽莉 ^2,,A; ^*(

), 马浩 ¹, 冯涛 ¹, 王阔 ¹

1.浙江省气候中心,浙江杭州 310017
2.中国气象局风能太阳能资源中心,北京 100081

收稿日期:2016-06-15 修回日期:2016-07-25 出版日期:2016-08-20
通讯作者: 宋丽莉 E-mail:lzq110119@163.com;songll@cma.gov.cn
基金资助:
公益性行业科研专项“多源测风资料融合技术研究及其在风能资源评估中的应用”(编号:GYHY201306050);中国气象局气候变化专项“气候变化对中国东南近海风场影响研究”(编号:CCSF201427)资助

Review of Methodologies for Offshore Wind Resource Observation and Assessment

Zhengquan Li ^1, ²( ), Lili Song ^2, ^*( ), Hao Ma ¹, Tao Feng ¹, Kuo Wang ¹

1. Zhejiang Climate Center,Hangzhou 310017, China
2. Wind and Solar Energy Resources Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2016-06-15 Revised:2016-07-25 Online:2016-08-20 Published:2016-08-20
Contact: Lili Song E-mail:lzq110119@163.com;songll@cma.gov.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the Special Fund of National Public Welfare Industry “Research on the multi-source wind data fusion and its application in wind energy resource assessment” (No.GYHY201306050);Special Fund of Climate Change of CMA“Study on the influence of climate change on the wind over the Southeast China Sea” (No.CCSF201427)

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风能资源观测评估是风电开发建设的前提基础,海上风电投资成本巨大,更需准确评估风能资源以减少风电投资风险。从传统气象站观测到多平台遥感探测,从简单数理统计到耦合模式数值模拟,观测数据的丰富和技术方法的成熟,使得海上风能资源评估的可靠性越来越高。站位资料匮乏、遥感资料丰富是海上风场观测数据特点。运用多尺度耦合模式,同化多源遥感探测资料和站位观测资料,以多方式技术融合形式开展海上风能资源评估,是区域风能资源评估方法的主流发展方向。风电场风能资源评估应着重注意观测数据质量、数据插补订正、重现期风速推算及风能参数长年代修正等方式方法的选择,这些因素可直接影响未来风电场运行效益。

关键词: 风场观测, 资源评估, 风能, 遥感, 数值模拟

Observation and assessment of wind resources is a prerequisite for wind farm construction. Due to the investment cost of offshore wind farm is very expensive, more accurate assessment of wind resources is needed to reduce their investment risks. From traditional field observation to multi-platform remote sensing and from ordinary mathematical statistics to coupled numerical model simulation, abundant offshore wind data and evolving assessment methods make the results of offshore wind resource assessment more and more reliable. Poor station observations and rich remote sensing data are distinct characteristics of offshore wind data. Technology integration of applying multi-scale coupled models to assimilate multi-source remote sensing and station data is a mainstream development direction of offshore wind resource assessment methods. The wind resource assessment for offshore wind farm should focus on data quality and method selections of data interpolation, wind speed calculation of return period and wind energy parameters adjusted for a long term condition because these factors can significantly affect the operating efficiency of future wind farm.

Key words: Wind observation, Resource assessment, Wind energy, Remote sensing, Numerical simulation.

中图分类号:

P732

表1 主要散射计与辐射计遥感风场资料

Table 1 Remote sensing wind data of main scatterometers and radiometers

类型	传感器	卫星平台	资料长度	重复周期/d	风场分辨率/km
散射计	SeaWinds	QuikSCAT	1999—2009年	2	12.5~25
	OSCAT	Oceansat-2	2012—2014年	2	12~25
	RapidSCAT	NASA-ISS	2014年至今	2	12.5~25
	SCAT	ERS-1/2	1991—2011年	3	25
	ASCAT	MetOp-A/B	2007年至今	5	10~50
辐射计	SSM/I	DMSPs	1987年至今	2	25~50
	TMI	TRMM	1998年至今	1	25~50
	SSMIS	DMSPs	2003年至今	2	25
	AMSR-E	Aqua	2002年至今	3	25
	WindSat	Coriolis	2003年至今	8	25

表1 主要散射计与辐射计遥感风场资料

Table 1 Remote sensing wind data of main scatterometers and radiometers

类型	传感器	卫星平台	资料长度	重复周期/d	风场分辨率/km
散射计	SeaWinds	QuikSCAT	1999—2009年	2	12.5~25
	OSCAT	Oceansat-2	2012—2014年	2	12~25
	RapidSCAT	NASA-ISS	2014年至今	2	12.5~25
	SCAT	ERS-1/2	1991—2011年	3	25
	ASCAT	MetOp-A/B	2007年至今	5	10~50
辐射计	SSM/I	DMSPs	1987年至今	2	25~50
	TMI	TRMM	1998年至今	1	25~50
	SSMIS	DMSPs	2003年至今	2	25
	AMSR-E	Aqua	2002年至今	3	25
	WindSat	Coriolis	2003年至今	8	25

表2 主要高度计和合成孔径雷达遥感风场资料

Table 2 Remote sensing wind data of main altimeters and synthetic aperture radars

类型	卫星平台	隶属源	资料长度	重复周期/d	风场分辨率/km
高度计	TOPEX/Poseidom	NASA/CNES	1992—2002年	10	5~10
	JASON-1/2	NASA/CNES	2001年至今	10	5~10
	ERS-1/2	ESA	1991—2011年	35	5~10
	HY-2	China	2011年至今	14	5~10
	GFO	US Navy	1998年至今	17	5~10
合成孔径雷达	ERS-1/2	ESA	1991—2001年	35	0.5~1
	Envisat	ESA	2002—2012年	35	0.5~1
	JERS-1	NASDA	1992—1998年	44	0.5~1
	ALOS	JAXA	2006—2011年	46	0.5~1
	Radarsat-1/2	CAS/MDA	1995年至今	24	0.5~1
	TerraSAR-X	German	2007年至今	27	0.5~1

表2 主要高度计和合成孔径雷达遥感风场资料

Table 2 Remote sensing wind data of main altimeters and synthetic aperture radars

类型	卫星平台	隶属源	资料长度	重复周期/d	风场分辨率/km
高度计	TOPEX/Poseidom	NASA/CNES	1992—2002年	10	5~10
	JASON-1/2	NASA/CNES	2001年至今	10	5~10
	ERS-1/2	ESA	1991—2011年	35	5~10
	HY-2	China	2011年至今	14	5~10
	GFO	US Navy	1998年至今	17	5~10
合成孔径雷达	ERS-1/2	ESA	1991—2001年	35	0.5~1
	Envisat	ESA	2002—2012年	35	0.5~1
	JERS-1	NASDA	1992—1998年	44	0.5~1
	ALOS	JAXA	2006—2011年	46	0.5~1
	Radarsat-1/2	CAS/MDA	1995年至今	24	0.5~1
	TerraSAR-X	German	2007年至今	27	0.5~1

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