贵州省喀斯特地区土地退化与生态重建研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.03.0447

喀斯特地区环境独特、生态脆弱，一直是科学界关注的热点地区。早期的研究多集中在喀斯特地区的水文、地质和地球化学等领域。近10多年来，喀斯特地区的土地退化乃至石漠化的问题日益严重，人类活动对生态的压力逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。我国西南喀斯特地区是世界上最大的喀斯特连续带，贫困人口集中，人口压力大，经济落后，土地退化严重，人地矛盾异常尖锐，如何开展生态建设、促进社会经济发展，成为西部大开发中最为紧迫的任务之一。贵州省是西南喀斯特地区的典型代表，部分地区已经失去了依靠自身力量进行生态恢复和发展的可能性，因而需要在科学研究的基础上，制定合理的规划和管理措施，针对性的增加外部投入，进行生态重建。对生态重建的理论、方法、技术和模式进行了总结，认为喀斯特地区土地退化是区域人地复杂巨系统结构损害和功能紊乱的集中表现，片面的环境保护和单独的生态治理工程无法解决这个系统问题，区域的生态重建需要采用系统科学的思路。在此基础上，提出喀斯特地区土地退化和生态重建研究中需要深入研究的一些问题。

关键词: 贵州, 喀斯特地区, 土地退化, 生态重建

The scientific community has paid close attention to the karst region for its unique environment. Early research mainly focused on inorganic natural environment, such as hydrology, geology and geochemistry of the karst area. In the past decades, land degradation in karst area has become more and more serious, even lead to rocky desertification. The fragile ecosystems and human activities in the region attract more and more attention gradually. The karst area in the southwestern China is the largest continuous karst zone in the world. Population pressure and poverty are typical in this area. The economy is in underdevelopment. The ecology is fragile and the land is degrading seriously. Therefore, the contradiction between man and the nature is unusually fierce. To reconstruct the environment and promote the development of society and economy become out of most urgent tasks in the Western Development of China. Fragile environment, increasing population pressure and continual land degeneration result in the impossibility for some karst area to rely on it's own strength to reform ecology. So it's necessary to carry out the ecological rehabilitation based on the scientific research, management and plan, and to increase related external input. This paper has summarized the theory, method, technology and model of ecologicalrehabilitation. The author considers land degradation of the karst area as the representation of the regional man-nature complicated huge system structure and its disorderly function. So unilateral environmental protection and simple ecological management are not enough to solve this kind of systematic problem. The ecological rehabilitation of the area needs to utilize the thought and methods of systematic science. The following issues are need to be studied furthermore: ① The land degradation process in the past 30～50 years; ②The contribution of human and natural factors respectively to land degradation; ③Human's driving force to land degradation, such as social economic factors, policy and the habits of the local people,etc.;④The key process of land degradation and the threshold of advancing degradation to system crashing; ⑤The principle, theory, method and technology of ecological rehabilitation ; ⑥Scaling and coupling of different spatial scales;⑦The security system of regional ecology rehabilitation.

Key words: Karst areas, Guizhou province southwestern China, Land degradation, Ecological rehabilitation, Systematic approach.

中图分类号:

P642.25

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摘要

LAND DEGRADATION AND ECOLOGICAL REHABILITATION IN KARST AREAS OF GUIZHOU PROVINCE,SOUTHWEASTERN CHINA