基于空间自相关特征的人口密度格网尺度效应与空间化研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.12.1363

地球科学进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 1363 -1372. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.12.1363

王培震，石培基*，魏伟，张胜武

西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃兰州730070

收稿日期:2012-05-16 修回日期:2012-10-01 出版日期:2012-12-10
通讯作者: 石培基（1961-）,男，甘肃临洮人，教授，主要从事城市与区域发展规划研究. E-mail:shipj@nwnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“内陆河流域城镇体系与流域空间结构相互作用的生态经济效应研究——以石羊河流域为例”（编号：40971078）；甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目“干旱区内陆河流域城镇—水—绿洲空间耦合关系研究——以石羊河流域为例”（编号：1107RJYA077）资助.

Grid Scale Effect and Spatialization of Population Density Based on the Characteristics of Spatial Autocorrelation in Shiyang River Basin

Wang Peizhen, Shi Peiji, Wei Wei, Zhang Shengwu

College of Geography and Environmental Science ,Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China

Received:2012-05-16 Revised:2012-10-01 Online:2012-12-10 Published:2012-12-10

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以石羊河流域为例，运用GCAWI法、空间自相关指数以及考虑空间自相关性的多（单）中心指数模型等实现了乡镇单元向格网单元图层的转化、适宜格网大小的确定以及人口密度的空间模拟。结果表明：①石羊河流域人口密度的空间分布差异较大而又相对集中，具有“3点4线3区”的“点—线—区”状空间结构；②不同单元大小的格网图层提高了流域整体的空间自相关性，Moran’s I指数表现出较大的差异性和偶然性；③石羊河流域人口密度空间分布存在明显的正空间自相关，8 000~10 000 m是表现流域人口密度空间分布特征的最优选择范围；④空间自相关性影响下的人口密度空间化多（单）中心模型大大提高传统指数模型的精度，却改变了距离衰减系数的性质和大小，多中心和单中心模型模拟系数的差异主要是由金昌人口密度中心引起的。

关键词: 空间自相关, 人口密度, 格网尺度, 空间化, 石羊河

Taking Shiyang River Basin as an example, the models of GCAWI, spatial autocorrelation index, multiple(single) centre exponential with the feature of spatial autocorrelation are applied to achieve three goals: the conversion from township unit to grid unit, the regulation of determining appropriate grid size and spatial distribution patterns of population density. It turned out that:①The population density distribution is relatively scattered but concentrated in Shiyang River Basin,having a spatial structure pattern of point(three points)line(four lines) region(three regions);②The level of global spatial autocorrelation is improved by applying different grid scale size.The index of Moran’s I Shows larger difference and contingency;③The spatial distribution of population density has positive spatial autocorrelation in Shiyang River Basin.And the range from 8 000 to 10 000 metres is the best choice to present the basin’s spatial distribution characteristics of population density;④The multiple and single centre exponential model with the feature of spatial autocorrelation has higher significance than traditional exponential model,but changes the properties and size of distance attenuation coefficient. The difference between the two kinds of models is caused by the population density centre of Jinchang.

Key words: Spatial autocorrelation, Population density, Grid scale, Spatialization, Shiyang river

中图分类号:

K901.3

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