我国西南山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化趋势研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.05.0499

地球科学进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 499 -509. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.05.0499

我国西南山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化趋势研究

刘斌涛 ¹，陶和平 ¹，宋春风 ^1,2，郭兵 ^1,2，史展 ^1,2

中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所，四川成都610041；
2. 中国科学院研究生院，北京100049

收稿日期:2011-11-21 修回日期:2012-03-21 出版日期:2012-05-10
通讯作者: 刘斌涛(1984-)，男，山东德州人，助理研究员，主要从事山地生态环境遥感与数字山地等领域的研究工作. E-mail:lbt609@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院西部行动计划项目“西藏高原生态安全屏障监测评估方法与技术研究”（编号：KZCX2-XB3-08）；中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目“西南山区情势与资源环境安全战略研究”(编号：KZCX2-YW-333)资助.

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Rainfall Erosivity in Southwest China from 1960 to 2009

Liu Bintao ¹, Tao Heping ¹, Song Chunfeng ^1,2, Guo Bing ^1,2, Shi Zhan ^1,2

1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China; 2. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China

Received:2011-11-21 Revised:2012-03-21 Online:2012-05-10 Published:2012-05-10

下载PDF ( 1230 )

降雨是我国西南山区土壤侵蚀的主要动力因素，降雨侵蚀力反映了降雨对土壤侵蚀的潜在能力，研究降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势对我国西南山区土壤侵蚀的监测、评估、预报和治理具有重要意义。利用1960—2009年129个气象站逐日降雨量资料，计算出西南山区各气象站逐年降雨侵蚀力。采用趋势系数、气候倾向率和克吕格插值等方法对西南山区降雨侵蚀力50年来的时空变化趋势进行了探讨。结果表明：西南山区降雨侵蚀力空间分布特征与年降水量的空间分布特征一致；西南山区西北部的青藏高原区域降雨侵蚀力年际变化明显，变差系数Cv一般高于0.40；西南山区大部地区降雨侵蚀力呈上升趋势，说明由降雨侵蚀力引起的土壤侵蚀风险在增加，但在成都平原附近降雨侵蚀力在明显下降；降雨侵蚀力变化趋势系数随海拔高度升高而不断增加，在海拔2 500 m以上地区尤为明显，西南山区西北部的高海拔地区海拔高度对降雨侵蚀力增加具有放大效应。

关键词: 降雨侵蚀力, 时空变化, 趋势系数, 气候倾向率, 西南山区

Rainfall is the main driving force of soil erosion in the southwest China. It shows that rainfall erosivity has the potential ability causing severe soil loss. So, It is of great significance to soil erosion monitoring, assessment, prediction and control by researching on the temporal and spatial variation of rainfall erosivity in southwest China. Based on the daily rainfall amounts of 129 meteorological stations, the rainfall erosivity was calculated in the southwest China. With the method of trend coefficient, climate tendency rate and kriging interpolation, the rainfall erosivity trends were discussed. The result indicated that the spatial distribution of average annual rainfall erosivity is nearly the same as that of average annual precipitation. There is significant temporal difference of rainfall erosivity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the northwest of the study area, and the Cv value is higher than 0.40. The rainfall erosivity of most of the study area shows increasing trend during the last 50 years which indicates that the potential ability of the soil loss caused by rainfall increases in southwest China. But, the rainfall erosivity shows decreasing in the area of Chengdu Plain. The coefficients of tendency increase with increasing altitude, and it is particularly evident in areas above an altitude of 2 500 m. The higher altitude enlarges the increasing trend of rainfall erosivity.

Key words: Rainfall erosivity, Spatial and temporal variation, Trend coefficient, Climate tendency rate, Southwest China

中图分类号:

[1]Sun Quanzhong, Wang Chaojun, Zhao Jia, et al. Research evolution of rainfall erosivity（R）in China[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(4): 1-5.[孙泉忠, 王朝军, 赵佳, 等.中国降雨侵蚀力R值指标研究进展[J].中国农学通报, 2011, 27(4): 1-5.]
[2]Zhang Wenbo, Xie Yun, Liu Baoyuan. Research evolution of rainfall erosivity[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2002, 16(2): 43-46.[章文波, 谢云, 刘宝元.降雨侵蚀力研究进展[J].水土保持学报, 2002, 16(2): 43-46.]
[3]Chai Zongxin. Regionalization of soil and water loss in southwest China[J]. Mountain Research, 1995, 13(2): 121-127.[柴宗新.西南地区水土流失区划[J].山地研究, 1995, 13(2): 121-127.]
[4]Yang Wenyuan, Zhang Qi, Lin Chaowen. Erosivity distribution of rainfall and the crisis period of soil erosion in the Sichuan Basin [J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1997, 10(4): 41-47. [杨文元, 张奇, 林超文. 四川盆地降雨侵蚀力分布与土壤侵蚀危险期探讨[J]. 西南农业学报, 1997, 10(4): 41-47.]
[5]Yang Zisheng. A study on erosive force of rainfall on sloping cultivated land in the northeast mountain region of Yunnan province[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1999, 19(3): 265-270.[杨子生. 滇东北山区坡耕地降雨侵蚀力研究[J]. 地理科学, 1999, 19(3): 265-270.]
[6]Gao Kechang, Zhao Chunyong. Research on rainfall-runoff erosivity factor of main city zone of Chongqing [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2002, 16(6): 13-16.[高克昌, 赵纯勇. 重庆市主城区降雨侵蚀力计算方法与特征研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2002, 16(6): 13-16.]
[7]Ning Lidan, Shi Hui. Estimating R-factor in Southwest China with data of daily rainfall amount [J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2003, 10(4): 183-186.[宁丽丹, 石辉.利用日降雨量资料估算西南地区的降雨侵蚀力[J].水土保持研究, 2003, 10(4): 183-186.]
[8]Xu Yueqing, Zhou Qiaofu, Li Shuangcheng. An analysis on spatial-temporal distribution of rainfall erosivity in Guizhou province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 25(4): 11-14.[许月卿，周巧富，李双成. 贵州省降雨侵蚀力时空分布规律分析[J].水土保持通报, 2005, 25(4): 11-14.]
[9]Wu Changguang, Lin Desheng, Xiao Wenfa, et al. Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of rainfall erosivity in Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(1): 151-158.[吴昌广，林德生，肖文发，等. 三峡库区降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征[J].应用生态学报, 2011, 22(1): 151-158.]
[10]Ma Zhenfeng, Peng Jun, Gao Wenliang, et al. Climate variation of Southwest China in recent 40 years [J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2006, 25(4): 633-642.[马振锋, 彭骏, 高文良, 等.近40年西南地区的气候变化事实[J].高原气象, 2006, 25(4): 633-642.]
[11]Li Chuan, Chen Jing, Zhu Yanjun. Preliminary research on climatic change of West Sichuan Plateau in recent fifty years[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2003, 22(Suppl.): 138-144. [李川, 陈静, 朱燕君.川西高原近五十年气候变化的初步研究[J].高原气象, 2003, 22(增刊): 138-144.]
[12]Shi Dongmei, Jiang Dong, Lu Xiping, et al. Temporal distribution characteristics of rainfall erosivity in Fuling District, Chongqing [J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2008, 24(9): 16-21.[史东梅, 江东, 卢喜平, 等. 重庆涪陵区降雨侵蚀力时间分布特征[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008, 24(9): 16-21.]
[13]Zhang Wenbo, Xie Yun, Liu Baoyuan. Rainfall erosivity estimation using daily rainfall amounts [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2002, 22(6): 705-711.[章文波, 谢云, 刘宝元. 利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J]. 地理科学, 2002, 22(6): 705-711.]
[14]Zhang Wenbo, Xie Yun, Liu Baoyuan. Spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in China [J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2003, 21(1): 33-40. [章文波, 谢云, 刘宝元. 中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J]. 山地学报, 2003, 21(1): 33-40.]
[15]Zhang Wenbo, Fu Jinsheng. Rainfall erosivity estimation under different rainfall amount [J]. Resources Science, 2003, 25(1): 35-41.[章文波, 付金生. 不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J]. 资源科学, 2003, 25(1): 35-41.]
[16]Liu Mei, Peng Xiaoyan, Li Jinxi, et al. Climatic characteristics of high temperatures in Jiangsu province in recent 50 years[J]. Resources Science, 2011, 33(10): 1 991-1 998.[刘梅, 彭晓燕, 李进喜, 等. 1961年至2007年江苏省高温气候特征分析[J]. 资源科学, 2011, 33(10): 1 991-1 998.]
[17]Wang Fengye, Liu Puxing. Characteristic analysis on sunshine duration change in Jiuquan Oasis in recent 45 years [J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2010, 29(4): 999-1 004.[王枫叶, 刘普幸. 酒泉绿洲近45年日照时数的变化特征分析[J]. 高原气象, 2010, 29(4): 999-1 004.]
[18]Wang Wanzhong, Jiao Juying, Hao Xiaopin, et al. Distribution of rainfall erosivity R value in China[J]. Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation, 1996, 2(1): 29-39.[王万中, 焦菊英, 郝小品, 等. 中国降雨侵蚀力R值的计算与分布[J]. 土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报, 1996, 2(1): 29-39.]
[19]Liu Mingguang. Atlas of Physical Geography of China[M]. Beijing: Sinomaps Press, 2010.[刘明光. 中国自然地理图集[M]. 北京: 中国地图出版社, 2010.]

[1]	张晓闻, 臧淑英, 孙丽. 近40年东北地区积雪日数时空变化特征及其与气候要素的关系[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(9): 958-968.
[2]	李宁, 刘丽, 张正涛, 冯介玲, 陈曦, 白扣. 气候变化经济影响研究热点的足迹可视化:整合被引文献和突现词[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(8): 865-873.
[3]	陈京华, 贾文雄 , 赵珍, 张禹舜, 刘亚荣. 1982—2006年祁连山植被覆盖的时空变化特征研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(7): 834-845.
[4]	王晓青，刘健，王志远. 过去2000年中国区域温度模拟与重建的对比分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(12): 1318-.
[5]	王萍, 郑晓静. 非平稳风沙运动研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(7): 786-794.
[6]	杨凯,高清竹,李玉娥,林而达,盛文萍,江村旺扎,王宝山,李文福. 藏北地区草地退化空间特征及其趋势分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(4): 410-416.
[7]	张明军;任贾文;孙俊英;效存德;李忠勤;秦大河;康建成. 南极冰盖 NO ^- ₃ 浓度记录研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2004, 19(2): 275-282.

阅读次数

全文

摘要