陆生植物氮同位素组成与气候环境变化研究进展

doi:1001-8166(2014)02-0216-11

近年来,由于植物氮同位素组成(¹⁵N)记载了气候环境变化的信息,因而被广泛应用于全球变化研究中,成为古气候环境再造和了解现代气候环境变化信息的有力工具。然而,人们对气候环境引起的¹⁵N变化及其指示的气候环境意义并不完全清楚,这就有可能限制植物¹⁵N在古气候环境变化等领域研究中的应用。在概述植物氮同位素分馏和植物不同氮源的氮同位素分布的基础上,分析了温度、降水、大气CO₂浓度和海拔高度等气候环境因子对陆生植物¹⁵N的影响以及它们的关系。指出了目前研究中存在的问题及其研究前景,认为在全球变化研究中利用植物氮同位素技术不仅可以重建古气候环境(如重建大气CO₂浓度变化),揭示历史时期温度、降水的变化,而且还可以在一定的时间和空间上综合反映生态系统氮循环的特征。

关键词: 氮同位素组成（¹⁵N）, 气候环境因子, 陆生植物

Recently, since stable nitrogen composition (¹⁵N) in plants records abundant climate and environment information (such as information on temperature, humidity, precipitation and environment isotopes composition), it has been widely used in paleoclimate studies and becomes a powerful tool for understanding paleoenvironment reconstruction and modern climate change. However, some potential uncertainties have always involved in the reconstruction of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. Among them, the most dominant uncertainty is due to our poor understanding of the relationship between nitrogen isotope ratios of plants and climatic factors, particularly the relationships among nitrogen isotope ratios, temperature and precipitation. Based on summarizing plant ¹⁵N fractionation and nitrogen isotope distribution of different N sources, the effects of environmental factors, e.g., temperature, precipitation, atmospheric CO₂ concentration, and altitude on terrestrial plant ¹⁵N and their mechanism were analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, the existing and disputed problems in nitrogen isotope study were discussed, and the future trends of nitrogen isotope technique in global change research were prospected. It is pointed out that the technology of nitrogen isotope in plants could not only be used to rebuild paleoclimate (such as reconstructing the sequences of atmospheric CO₂ concentration changes), revealing the trends of climate changes, but also in a certain time and space to reflect comprehensively the characteristics of nitrogen cycling in ecosystem. This will make more readers have a more profound understanding of the field and eventually broaden the development of the field.

Key words: Stable nitrogen isotope composition, Climatic and environmental factors, Terrestrial plant.

中图分类号:

图1 植物吸收和同化氮的概化分馏模式(据文献[ 17 ]修改)

Fig.1 Generalized fractionation pattern of nitrogen uptake and assimilation by plants (modified from reference [17])

表1 不同物质的氮同位素值分布(据文献[23~28]整理)

Table 1 #cod#x003b4; ¹⁵N values distribution of different substances (summarized from reference [23~28])

N源	#cod#x003b4;¹⁵N范围/#cod#x02030;	参考文献	N源	#cod#x003b4;¹⁵N范围/#cod#x02030;	参考文献
雨水	-8.0 ~ 2.0	[24]	固氮植物	0.0 ~2.0	[27]
生活排水	10.0 ~17.0	[24]	非固氮植物	-10.0 ~9.0	[27]
化学肥料	-7.4 ~ 6.8	[25]	水生植物	-1.0 ~7.0	[28]
人畜排泄物	8.0 ~20.0	[26]	土壤全氮	-6.0 ~16.0	[28]
食草动物	3.0~7.0	[23]	土壤硝态氮	2.0 ~ 9.0	[27]
食肉动物	9.0~12.0	[23]	土壤铵态氮	-3.0 ~ 8.0	[27]
干湿N沉降	-11.0~3.5	[27]	污染土壤N	4.0 ~ 9.0	[27]

表1 不同物质的氮同位素值分布(据文献[23~28]整理)

Table 1 #cod#x003b4; ¹⁵N values distribution of different substances (summarized from reference [23~28])

N源	#cod#x003b4;¹⁵N范围/#cod#x02030;	参考文献	N源	#cod#x003b4;¹⁵N范围/#cod#x02030;	参考文献
雨水	-8.0 ~ 2.0	[24]	固氮植物	0.0 ~2.0	[27]
生活排水	10.0 ~17.0	[24]	非固氮植物	-10.0 ~9.0	[27]
化学肥料	-7.4 ~ 6.8	[25]	水生植物	-1.0 ~7.0	[28]
人畜排泄物	8.0 ~20.0	[26]	土壤全氮	-6.0 ~16.0	[28]
食草动物	3.0~7.0	[23]	土壤硝态氮	2.0 ~ 9.0	[27]
食肉动物	9.0~12.0	[23]	土壤铵态氮	-3.0 ~ 8.0	[27]
干湿N沉降	-11.0~3.5	[27]	污染土壤N	4.0 ~ 9.0	[27]

图2 贡嘎山东坡表层土壤氮同位素与植物氮同位素关系 ^{[

32
]}

Fig.2 Correlations of surface soil ¹⁵N and leaf ¹⁵N for C ₃and C ₄ plants occurring on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga ^{[

32
]}

图3 贡嘎山东坡植物氮同位素随年均温度的变化 ^{[

32
]} a.所有C₃植物；b.所有C₄植物

Fig.3 Variations in ¹⁵N of C ₃ and C ₄ plants with mean annual temperature ^{[

32
]} a.All C₃ plant; b. All C₄ plant

图4 植物氮同位素随降水的变化 ^{[

14
]}

Fig.4 Variation in plant ¹⁵N values with the changes in mean annual precipitation ^{[

14
]}

图5 不同氮源氮同位素随降水量的变化 ^{[

56
]}

Fig.5 Variation in ¹⁵N values of different N sources with the changes in mean annual precipitation ^{[

56
]}

图6 植被氮同位素随海拔高度的变化图中数据点为相应海拔高度处所有样品¹⁵N的平均值,垂直线代表#cod#x000b1;1个标准偏差

Fig.6 Variation of plant ¹⁵N with altitude The data points represent the averaged ¹⁵N values of all the plant samples at each elevation, and vertical bars represent 1 standard deviation of ¹⁵N variability within the samples of each site elevation

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[1]	刘贤赵, 张勇, 宿庆, 田艳林, 全斌, 王国安. 现代陆生植物碳同位素组成对气候变化的响应研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(12): 1341-1354.

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摘要

Progress of Research on Relationships between Terrestrial Plant Nitrogen Isotope Composition and Climate Environment Change