北欧海深层水的研究进展

doi:1001-8166(2014)01-0042-14

北欧海作为联系北大西洋和北冰洋的纽带, 在全球气候系统中具有重要作用。受冷却等作用的影响, 北欧海上层海水下沉形成中层水和深层水。该部分海水向南输运, 以溢流的形式进入北大西洋深层, 是在全球大洋输送带中具有关键性作用的北大西洋深层水的重要来源。通过综述国内外关于北欧海深层水的研究历史和研究现状, 剖析了北欧海深层水形成的重要物理过程, 分析了影响北欧海深层水的可能因素和物理过程、北欧海深层水的输运过程以及北欧海深层水近年来的变化趋势, 为开展相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 北欧海, 深层水, 对流混合, 溢流, 多年变化

As a connection region between North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, the Nordic Sea plays a critical role in global climate system. In the Nordic Seas, surface water converts into intermediate water and deep water after cooling and other effects. These waters transport southward, and enter into North Atlantic as a form of overflow, therefore, they are the main source of the North Atlantic Deep Water(NADW), which play a key role in global ocean conveyor. The causes and processes of the deep water formation in the Nordic Seas are still uncertain. Based on a review of current and historical research results of the deep water in the Nordic Seas, the most important process for deep water formation convection is addressed. Factors and physical processes that may have impact on deep water formation are summarized. The transport of deep water in the Nordic Seas is summed up. Multiyear variation of the deep water is described with the aim of giving some instructions and research directions to the readers.

Key words: The Nordic Seas, Deep water, Convective mixing, Overflow, Multiyear variation

中图分类号:

P725.1

图1 北欧海地形图 1.Boreas海盆;2.格陵兰海盆;3.Knipovich海脊;4.扬马延断裂带；5.莫恩海脊;6.Kolbeinsey海脊;7.冰岛海台;8.罗弗敦海盆; 9.挪威海盆;10.Vring海台;11.法罗群岛

Fig.1 The bathymetric features of the Nordic Seas 1.Boreas Basin; 2.Greenland Basin; 3.Knipovich Ridge; 4.Jan Mayen Fracture Zone; 5.Mohn Rigde; 6.Kolbeinsey Ridge; 7.Iceland Plateau;8.Lofoten Basin; 9.Norwegian Basin; 10.Vring Plateau; 11.Faroe Islands

图2 北欧海上层流场示意图 ^{[

17
]} 红色实线表示来自大西洋的暖流, 黑色虚线表示来自北冰洋的寒流。图中主要流动分别表示东格陵兰流（EGC）、扬马延流（JMC）、北大西洋流（NAC）、挪威大西洋流（NWAC）、西斯匹次卑尔根流（WSC）以及大西洋回流（RAC）

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of upperlayer circulation in Nordic Seas ^{[

17
]} Red solid lines represent Atlantic Water. Black broken lines represent Arctic and Polar waters.EGC.East Greenland Current； JMC.Jan Mayen Current;NAC.North Atlantic Current; NWAC.Norwegian Atlantic Current; WSC.West Spitsbergen; RAC.Return Atlantic Current

图3 北欧海两大主要水体来源示意图 ^{[

26
]} EGC.表示东格陵兰流; WSC.表示西斯匹次卑尔根流

Fig.3 Sketch of two main sources of water in the Nordic Seas ^{[

26
]} EGC.East Greenland Current; WSC.West Spitsbergen Current

图4 格陵兰海中央2 000 m以下的平均温度 ^{[

109
]}

Fig. 4 Time series of the mean temperature below 2 000 m in the central Greenland Sea ^{[

109
]}

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On the deep water of the Nordic Seas