地球科学进展 ›› 2011, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (12): 1269 -1275. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.12.1269

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

城市泥石流沟的治理启示——以深沟为例
张康 1,王兆印 1,余国安 2,韩鲁杰 1   
  1. 1.清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084;
    2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101
  • 收稿日期:2011-06-14 修回日期:2011-10-09 出版日期:2011-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 张康(1981-),男,新疆莎车人,博士研究生,主要从事山区河流水沙综合治理研究. E-mail:zhangkang01@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    优秀国家重点实验室研究项目“极端条件下城市山洪灾害的形成机理与模拟方法研究”(编号:50823005);清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室自主选题项目“山区河流河床结构对推移质运动的影响及人工河床结构在综合治理中的应用”(编号:2009-ZY-2)资助.

Control and Restoration of Debris Flow Gully near the City: A Case Study of Shengou Creek

Zhang Kang 1, Wang Zhaoyin 1, Yu Guoan 2, Han Lujie 1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Hydropower Engineering, Tsinghua University,Beijing100084,China;
    2.Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,China
  • Received:2011-06-14 Revised:2011-10-09 Online:2011-12-10 Published:2011-12-10

为研究典型工程措施在泥石流沟治理中的作用及影响,结合野外调查及历史资料,对云南东川城区的深沟泥石流治理进行总结:深沟在一系列坝系群建设和多年植树造林的治理下,发育了一定规模的阶梯—深潭系统,使沟道阻力明显增强(经测河床结构强度Sp达0.3以上),消减了泥石流能量,并保护河床不被侵蚀下切,岸坡稳定;而另一方面林草生长能提高植被覆盖度,抑制坡面侵蚀,使产沙减少,有利于阶梯—深潭系统发育从而维持较好的河流生态,促进了林木生长,如此形成良性循环,使泥石流沟成为秀美的森林公园。应用人工坝系和阶梯—深潭系统的组合是防治泥石流改善生态景观的近自然治理方略,有利于河流长期稳定,为山区河流治理提供了新的探索模式。然而,过度的人工治理有可能破坏自然阶梯—深潭系统,导致河流生态景观的损失。

 In order to study the effects of engineering measures in controlling debris flow gullies, experiences of debris flow control at Shengou Creek (a tributary of Xiaojiang River in the city of Dongchuan, Yunnan province) are summarized based on field experiments and history of debris flow and debris flow control. Due to dams construction and reforestation in Shengou Creek, step-pool systems were developed, which increased roughness of riverbed and dissipated the kinetic energy of debris flow (riverbed structure intensity Sp was over 0.3). Riverbed was protected from incision which made the bank and slope stable. Furthermore, reforestation increased the vegetate cover, which could not only control the slope erosion and decrease the sediment yield, but also  supply suitable condition for developing step-pool systems to maintain a good river ecosystem. Subsequently, the stream became stable and stepped into a virtuous circle. Shengou Creek, as a debris flow gully before, becomes a forest park now. Accordingly, the river management of integrate check dams with step-pool systems is the near nature control which combine the aims of debris flow control, beautiful landscape and good river ecosystem supply together. The integrated management of check dams and step-pool systems supplies a new model for mountain streams control. However, over-harnessing  a river would destroy the step-pool systems which lead to the loss of landscape and ecology.

中图分类号: 

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